What is the ruling on touching the mushaf without ritual purity?

Question : Here the questioner asks: What is the ruling on reading the Noble Qur'an while holding it in one's hand without performing wudu?

Answer : Reciting the Qur'an from memory, when a person is in a state of minor ritual impurity, is permissible, because being in a state of ritual purity is not a condition for the permissibility of recitation. However, if a person is in a state of major ritual impurity, he must not recite the Qur'an, even from memory, until he performs ghusl. But there is no harm in reciting a phrase from the Qur'an, such as saying "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful," or if he is struck by a calamity, saying "Indeed, to Allah we belong and to Him we return," or the like.
As for when a person wants to read the Qur'an from the mushaf, and he has not performed wudu.
If he reads it with a barrier, such that he does not turn the pages of the mushaf with his hand, but reads from behind a barrier, then there is no harm in that either, because he has not touched the mushaf. And if he reads directly from the mushaf without a barrier, the scholars have differed on whether it is permissible for a person to touch the mushaf while not in a state of wudu. Some said that it is not permissible to touch the mushaf while not in a state of wudu, citing the hadith of 'Amr ibn Hazm that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said , and some cited the saying of Allah the Exalted .
But we say there is another opinion that permits touching the mushaf without wudu, and they say that the default is the presumption of original permissibility and that wudu is not obligatory. So whoever claims that wudu is obligatory for touching the mushaf must provide evidence. As for the evidence cited by those who say it is not permissible to touch the mushaf except with wudu, namely the saying of Allah the Exalted , this is not evidence for what they say, because the pronoun in "does not touch it" refers to the nearest mentioned, and the nearest mentioned is the Preserved Tablet, as Allah the Exalted said , meaning that this Book is not touched except by the purified ones. Also, Allah did not say "except the pure" (al-tahirin) but said "except the purified ones" (al-mutahharin), which is a passive noun, not an active noun, and He did not say "except the purified ones" (al-mutahhirin) in the active sense, which indicates that the purified ones are not the pure ones, but rather the angels. So the meaning of "does not touch it except the purified ones" is except the angels, and the reference is to the Preserved Tablet.
As for the hadith of 'Amr ibn Hazm , the word "pure" is not a definitive text indicating that the intended meaning is purity from ritual impurity, because the intended meaning may be purity from shirk (associating partners with Allah), because the believer is pure even if he is not in a state of wudu, and the mushrik is impure, as Allah the Exalted said, "Indeed, the mushrikin are impure," and as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Abu Hurayrah, "The believer does not become impure." Since this word is open to interpretation, the argument based on it is invalid, because it is established among the scholars of usul al-fiqh (principles of jurisprudence) that when there is ambiguity, the argument is dropped. However, we see that it is better not to touch the Qur'an with the hand.