Exegesis of the Surahs of the Sun and the Fig and the Oaths Contained in Them

Question:
In these two surahs that our imam recited just now, there is admonition and a reminder: the surah "And the Sun and its brightness," and the surah "And the Fig and the Olive." Allah (Exalted and Majestic is He) swore oaths.

Answer:
There are many oaths by a number of His creations that point to His greatness and majesty, that He is the Lord of all the worlds, that He is the Great Creator, and that He is the One worthy of being worshipped and magnified. He, Glorified and Exalted is He, swears by whatever He wills of His creation; no one can restrict Him, Exalted and Majestic is He, from swearing by whatever He wills. He swore by the sun and its brightness, by the fig and the olive, by the sky with its constellations, by the sky and the star that passes through it, by the night when it covers, and so on; because they are creations that point to His greatness, that He is the Lord of all the worlds, that He is the Creator, the All-Knowing, and that He is the One worthy of being worshipped and obeyed, Glorified and Exalted is He. As for the human being, he has no right to swear except by the Lord of the servant. He has no right to swear except by Allah alone; he has no right to swear by the prophets, nor by the awliya (close friends of Allah), nor by idols, nor by his father, nor by any other creation. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (peace and blessings be upon him) — as for one who is Harith — he may swear by Allah. The other wording is or "I will surely do it." And in the other hadith he says, (peace and blessings be upon him) . The other hadith is . So the point is that swearing by other than Allah is a matter that is not permissible, and it is among the forbidden matters of shirk (associating partners with Allah). As for our Lord, He swears by His creation, and no one can restrict Him in that. In the Surah of the Sun and its brightness, He swore with oaths about something unless it is something great, and according to His saying, Glorified is He, He says: "The sun and its brightness, and the moon when it follows it, and the day when it brightens it, and the night when it covers it, and the sky and He who built it, and the earth and He who spread it, and the soul and He who proportioned it, so He inspired it to discern its righteousness and its godlessness." Seven oaths, then He said: "Successful is the one who purifies it." This is the one about whom the oath was made.
Successful is the servant who purifies his soul by obeying Allah and affirming His oneness (tawhid). He has succeeded and attained every good. Success is the attainment and acquisition of good and victory through the causes of happiness, as He, the Exalted, said: He, the Exalted, said: meaning by obeying Allah. If you purify yourself by obeying Allah and following His Shari'ah (Islamic sacred law), here He, Glorified is He, says: meaning the one who purifies his soul by obeying Allah, affirming His oneness, being sincere to Him, and following His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) has thereby earned victory, that honor, and the abiding bliss. And the one who has buried it has reached the ultimate loss; the one who has buried his soul in sins, shirk, and disobedience. And indeed, the sin is a sin that he has buried and humbled it with his sins and his disbelief in Allah.
The one who has obedience and tawhid has raised its status, elevated it, and purified it until it reached the peak of good, guidance, and righteousness. Its purification is by following the Shari'ah, by following the straight path. The straight path is the religion of Allah, Islam, and what Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) brought of guidance, (peace and blessings be upon him). So whoever follows the straight path, is guided by it, and remains steadfast upon it by affirming the oneness of Allah, being sincere to Him, obeying His commands, and leaving His prohibitions, this is the one who has purified himself, the one who has purified his soul. He is the believer, the one who is guided, the righteous one, and the wali (close friend of Allah), Mighty and Majestic is He. And whoever has buried it in disbelief and sins has failed and lost, and has humbled it and destroyed it. In the Surah of the Fig, He says: He is the Truthful, Exalted and Majestic is He, even if he did not fall short. This is a known and witnessed matter. Allah created the human being to hear and see, and He gave him a mind, not like the animals. He has a mind that distinguishes between harm and benefit, good and evil, guidance and misguidance, unlike the animals. He made him walk on two legs, not like most animals on four, and He made him possess a mind that distinguishes between good and evil, guidance and misguidance, between his relatives and non-relatives, his friends and non-friends, between the causes of happiness and the causes of destruction. These are among the great blessings of Allah.
O human being, Allah created you in the best form, with a sound structure, you understand, you comprehend what harms you and what benefits you, you speak, you see and hear. So it is fitting for you to be grateful for this blessing. It is fitting for you, O servant of Allah, to thank Allah for His great blessing that guided you to Islam, made you among the successful, and placed you in the best form. Praise Allah for this great blessing, and thank Allah, adhere to the truth, remain steadfast in the obedience of your Lord, and beware of burying the soul in sins. Then We returned it to the lowest of the low. We returned it by disbelief and sins to the lowest of the low. May Allah grant you well-being. So whoever chooses disbelief over faith goes to the Fire, to the lowest of the low, we seek refuge in Allah. And whoever chooses sins is in great danger of the punishment of Allah. So it is obligatory to be cautious, to be grateful for the blessing of your Lord who created you in the best form, to thank Him by success, by steadfastness, by obeying Allah and His Messenger. For this reason He said: "Indeed, believers, faith with righteous deeds, are the people of happiness. They are the righteous, they are the people of faith, and they are the successful ones." He, Exalted and Majestic is He, said about them: and they did righteous deeds. . Mighty and Majestic is He so let it be a clear explanation was from the two. This is the state of the successful, the righteous, the believer who knew the blessing of Allah and thanked Him for it by his obedience and following His Shari'ah, and was not satisfied with the state of the disbelievers and the turners away, but remained steadfast upon the command of Allah, followed His Shari'ah, and strived against his soul in that, so he became among the successful, and became among those who thanked the blessing of Allah, so they earned victory, success, and happiness in this world and the Hereafter.
We ask Allah to make us and you among these good people. We ask Allah to make us and you those who understand the religion, know their obligation, remain steadfast upon it, and forbid what Allah has forbidden for them. And may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his companions.