The Impurity of Blood, Its Effect on Ablution, and the Prayer of the Injured Companion
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The questioner:
And the Shaykh mentioned the hadith of Aisha, or perhaps he said something very strange about her. How can you call it that, when it concerns the etiquette of the Companion who was guarding the Companions? An enemy struck him in the head with an arrow, and he continued to pray until the questioner’s prayer was compromised. Did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) not approve of it? If so,
The Shaykh:
We have two issues here: the impurity of blood, and the invalidation of ablution by the discharge of blood. The invalidation of ablution by the discharge of blood is a matter of scholarly disagreement. Therefore, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) prayed after he was stabbed, even though his body was covered in blood, and he did not abandon the prayer. Likewise, the Companion who was guarding and being hit by arrows, with blood flowing from him, continued in his prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) approved of it. This falls under the category of dire necessity.
Because the one striving in the path of Allah, and the one in battle, is excused in these matters. This is an excuse, because if he were to attend to washing the blood and leave the guard, the enemy would overcome the Muslims.
No, it does not invalidate the prayer in the case of an excuse or in the case of battle. The case of battle is a state of dire necessity. Therefore, Allah made the prayer of fear obligatory for the fighters, even if they have blood on them and blood on their weapons. He commanded them to carry their weapons in prayer, which may have blood on them, because these are states of dire necessity. It does not differentiate; what is permissible in voluntary prayer is permissible in obligatory prayer, except with evidence for the distinction. But these are states and necessities. Yes.
And the Shaykh mentioned the hadith of Aisha, or perhaps he said something very strange about her. How can you call it that, when it concerns the etiquette of the Companion who was guarding the Companions? An enemy struck him in the head with an arrow, and he continued to pray until the questioner’s prayer was compromised. Did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) not approve of it? If so,
The Shaykh:
We have two issues here: the impurity of blood, and the invalidation of ablution by the discharge of blood. The invalidation of ablution by the discharge of blood is a matter of scholarly disagreement. Therefore, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) prayed after he was stabbed, even though his body was covered in blood, and he did not abandon the prayer. Likewise, the Companion who was guarding and being hit by arrows, with blood flowing from him, continued in his prayer, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) approved of it. This falls under the category of dire necessity.
Because the one striving in the path of Allah, and the one in battle, is excused in these matters. This is an excuse, because if he were to attend to washing the blood and leave the guard, the enemy would overcome the Muslims.
No, it does not invalidate the prayer in the case of an excuse or in the case of battle. The case of battle is a state of dire necessity. Therefore, Allah made the prayer of fear obligatory for the fighters, even if they have blood on them and blood on their weapons. He commanded them to carry their weapons in prayer, which may have blood on them, because these are states of dire necessity. It does not differentiate; what is permissible in voluntary prayer is permissible in obligatory prayer, except with evidence for the distinction. But these are states and necessities. Yes.
Source
شرح بلوغ المرام من أدلة الأحكام [ صالح الفوزان ]، بداية من باب نواقض الوضوء — islamhouse.com (59:04)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.