Is the prayer, fasting, zakah, and Hajj made up if a person abandons them intentionally?
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Question : Now, if he abandons them intentionally, does he make them up or not?
Answer : We say that the time-bound [acts] are not accepted. So if a person abandons the prayer until its time passes without an excuse, we say it is not accepted, because if he makes it up, it will not benefit him. This is based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)—yes, it will not benefit him—based on the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:229] And the wrongdoer cannot be accepted. And the one who takes the prayer out of its time without an excuse, what is he? A wrongdoer. And based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): "Whoever does a deed that is not in accordance with our command, it is rejected." The same is said regarding fasting. If a person intentionally abandons fasting a day without an excuse, and then Shawwal enters and he wants to make it up, we say: do not make it up, because if you make it up, it will not benefit you, because you have transgressed the limits of Allah. And based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever does a deed that is not in accordance with our command, it is rejected." Now, what does the one who abandons the prayer without an excuse until the time passes, or fasting without an excuse until the time passes, do if we say he does not make it up?
We say: increase in acts of obedience and repent to Allah with a sincere repentance, and that is sufficient. Zakah is not time-bound, but it has an element of timing. If a person abandons it, then becomes able and wants to give zakah, we say: give zakah, because there is no specific time in which it is said, "Do not give zakah except in such-and-such month." Now, if he dies while he has not given zakah, and he is wealthy, is the zakah paid out of his estate or not? Yes, it is paid out, but it does not suffice him for the zakah; he will be punished for it. We only say it is paid out for the right of the recipients of zakah, meaning the right of the people of zakah. You may have mentioned it, but his liability is not cleared, because the man died without having given zakah.
Hajj is the same. If a capable, able person neglects it until he dies, he is not performed on his behalf, because the man abandoned it not wanting to perform Hajj, so how can we perform it on his behalf when he did not want to? Now, is it obligatory for his heirs to pay for the Hajj from his estate? No, because it will not benefit them, and no right of another is attached to it, as is the case with zakah. Ibn al-Qayyim said in *Tahdhib al-Sunnah*: "This is what we hold Allah to, or the core principle, and it is what the evidence indicates." So a person must fear Allah the Mighty and Majestic, because if he dies, even if Hajj were performed on his behalf a thousand times, his liability would not be cleared.
Answer : We say that the time-bound [acts] are not accepted. So if a person abandons the prayer until its time passes without an excuse, we say it is not accepted, because if he makes it up, it will not benefit him. This is based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)—yes, it will not benefit him—based on the saying of Allah the Exalted:
And whoever transgresses the limits of Allah - it is those who are the wrongdoers.
وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَWe say: increase in acts of obedience and repent to Allah with a sincere repentance, and that is sufficient. Zakah is not time-bound, but it has an element of timing. If a person abandons it, then becomes able and wants to give zakah, we say: give zakah, because there is no specific time in which it is said, "Do not give zakah except in such-and-such month." Now, if he dies while he has not given zakah, and he is wealthy, is the zakah paid out of his estate or not? Yes, it is paid out, but it does not suffice him for the zakah; he will be punished for it. We only say it is paid out for the right of the recipients of zakah, meaning the right of the people of zakah. You may have mentioned it, but his liability is not cleared, because the man died without having given zakah.
Hajj is the same. If a capable, able person neglects it until he dies, he is not performed on his behalf, because the man abandoned it not wanting to perform Hajj, so how can we perform it on his behalf when he did not want to? Now, is it obligatory for his heirs to pay for the Hajj from his estate? No, because it will not benefit them, and no right of another is attached to it, as is the case with zakah. Ibn al-Qayyim said in *Tahdhib al-Sunnah*: "This is what we hold Allah to, or the core principle, and it is what the evidence indicates." So a person must fear Allah the Mighty and Majestic, because if he dies, even if Hajj were performed on his behalf a thousand times, his liability would not be cleared.
Source
قناة «فضيلة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين»، 226 - 336 هل الصلاة والصوم والزكاة والحج تقضى إذا تركها الإنسان عمدا؟ - الشيخ ابن عثيمين — youtube.com
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.
