Tafsir of Surat al-Mujadilah
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Fatwa No. ( 1851 ):
Q: Explain to us this verse:[Al-Mujadila 58:22] to the end of the surah. Some people declare others disbelievers, even their fathers, mothers, brothers, and sisters, even if they are praying and declaring others disbelievers. So clarify for us the meaning of this verse.
A: Allah, Glorious is His Majesty, informs His Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) that he will not find, among those who believed in Allah and the Last Day, and who were sincere in their hearts for Allah and submitted their faces to Him, obeying Him in what He commanded and avoiding what He forbade and warned against, a people who love those who oppose Allah and His Messenger and deviate from the guidance and light that came from Allah through the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), no matter how long the time passes, how much you look at them, or how deeply you examine them. You will not find, among the sincere and truthful in their faith, anyone whose heart loves these disbelievers, even if they are their closest relatives in lineage, such as their fathers, sons, brothers, and close kin. In this is a beautiful praise from Allah, Exalted is He, for those righteous ones who were truthful to Allah and His Messenger and followed the guidance and light that came to them. It is also an encouragement for them to remain steadfast in that and to increase in it, and a command for people to follow their path and adopt their methodology in sincerity and truthful faith.
It is also a warning against the actions of the hypocrites who took as allies a people upon whom the anger of Allah has come, the Jews, and who swore false oaths to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to please him, saying:[Al-Munafiqun 63:1]. This phrase includes praise for the sincere believers for their disavowal of the disbelievers, and a warning against loving them and being affectionate toward them, and a prohibition of that, as in His saying, the Exalted: [Ali 'Imran 3:28], and as in His saying, the Exalted: [At-Tawbah 9:23-24], and as in His saying, the Exalted: [Al-Mumtahanah 60:4]
and other verses from the texts of the Book and the Sunnah that prohibited taking the Jews and the Christians and other disbelievers as allies, and warned against taking as allies those upon whom the anger of Allah has come, and those who took the religion of Allah in mockery, from among those who were given the Book and the rest of the disbelievers. This is a clarification from Allah, the Exalted, of the ruling on the actions of the hearts, such as love, affection, and disavowal of the disbelievers, and hating them and hating the falsehood and misguidance they committed. As for worldly transactions, such as buying and selling and other exchanges of benefits, these follow the Shari'ah policy and economic aspects. So, if there is a truce between us and them, it is permissible to exchange benefits with them, such as selling, leasing, renting, and accepting gifts and presents, and reciprocating with them with kindness and goodness, in order to establish justice and observe the noble morals, provided that this does not contradict a Shari'ah principle and does not deviate from the transactional norms that Islam has made lawful. Allah, the Exalted, said:[Al-Mumtahanah 60:8]. And if there is war between us and them, or if they transgress against us, it is not permissible to take them as allies in worldly transactions; rather, that is forbidden, just as taking them as allies in love and brotherhood is forbidden. Allah, the Exalted, said: [Al-Mumtahanah 60:9]
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) clarified this practically in times of peace and war with the Jews in Madinah and Khaybar, and with the Christians and other disbelievers. Then Allah, the Exalted, clarified the reason for their hatred of the disbelievers, saying:[Al-Mujadila 58:22]. Indeed, those who were truthful to Allah and His Messenger are those in whose hearts Allah established faith, made it firm in their souls, and supported them with proof from Him, light, and guidance. So they took as allies His allies and opposed His enemies, and they proceeded upon the Shari'ah that Allah, the Exalted, was pleased with as their religion. Then He clarified their reward by saying: [Al-Mujadila 58:22], meaning that Allah bestows upon them by His grace and generosity, entering them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, containing eternal bliss that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human heart has conceived. Those sincere and pure ones will enjoy that bliss, residing in it forever, its bliss not perishing or ceasing, and they will not be taken out of it. Allah is pleased with them for the sincere faith and righteous deeds they realized, and they are pleased with His decree, legislation, and reward, and they praise Him with what He deserves. Then He concluded the Surah by saying: [Al-Mujadila 58:22], informing, the Exalted, that they are His soldiers who supported Him with obedience.
So He supported them with His victory, favor, and kindness in this world and the Hereafter, and they were the successful ones, unlike those who deceived Allah and His Messenger and took the disbelievers as allies. From this, the following becomes clear: First: Whoever loves the disbelievers and is affectionate toward them in religion is a disbeliever, a disbelief that takes him out of the fold of Islam. Second: Whoever hates them in his heart and exchanges benefits with them, such as buying, selling, leasing, and renting, within the limits prescribed by Allah, has done nothing wrong. Third: Whoever hates them for the sake of Allah but associates with them and lives among them for a worldly benefit, preferring that over living with the Muslims in their lands, is sinful, because of the increase in their numbers and cooperation with them at the expense of the Muslims, and because he exposes himself to trials and deprives himself of cooperating with the Muslims in performing the rituals of Islam and attending their gatherings, and of advising and consulting with the Muslims on what brings strength and rise to the Islamic Ummah in this world and the Hereafter, unless he is a scholar who is safe from trial for himself and hopes that his residence among them will allow Allah to benefit through him in calling to Islam and spreading it among them. And success is from Allah. And may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.
Q: Explain to us this verse:
You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day having affection for those who oppose Allah and His Messenger
لاَ تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُA: Allah, Glorious is His Majesty, informs His Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) that he will not find, among those who believed in Allah and the Last Day, and who were sincere in their hearts for Allah and submitted their faces to Him, obeying Him in what He commanded and avoiding what He forbade and warned against, a people who love those who oppose Allah and His Messenger and deviate from the guidance and light that came from Allah through the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), no matter how long the time passes, how much you look at them, or how deeply you examine them. You will not find, among the sincere and truthful in their faith, anyone whose heart loves these disbelievers, even if they are their closest relatives in lineage, such as their fathers, sons, brothers, and close kin. In this is a beautiful praise from Allah, Exalted is He, for those righteous ones who were truthful to Allah and His Messenger and followed the guidance and light that came to them. It is also an encouragement for them to remain steadfast in that and to increase in it, and a command for people to follow their path and adopt their methodology in sincerity and truthful faith.
It is also a warning against the actions of the hypocrites who took as allies a people upon whom the anger of Allah has come, the Jews, and who swore false oaths to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to please him, saying:
When the hypocrites come to you, [O Muhammad], they say, "We testify that you are the Messenger of Allah." And Allah knows that you are His Messenger, and Allah testifies that the hypocrites are liars.
إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَكَاذِبُونَLet not believers take disbelievers as allies rather than believers. And whoever [of you] does that has nothing with Allah, except when taking precaution against them in prudence
لاَ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَيْءٍ إِلا أَنْ تَتَّقُوا مِنْهُمْ تُقَاةً(23) O you who have believed, do not take your fathers or your brothers as allies if they have preferred disbelief over belief. And whoever does so among you - then it is those who are the wrongdoers. (24) Say, [O Muhammad], "If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your relatives, wealth which you have obtained, commerce wherein you fear decline, and dwellings with which you are pleased are more beloved to you than Allah and His Messenger and jihad in His cause, then wait until Allah executes His command. And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people."
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَتَّخِذُوا آبَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ إِنِ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْكُفْرَ عَلَى الإِيمَانِ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (23) قُلْ إِنْ كَانَ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ وَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَالٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَارَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَاكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَا أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَاللَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَThere has already been for you an excellent pattern in Abraham and those with him, when they said to their people, "Indeed, we are disassociated from you and from whatever you worship other than Allah. We have denied you, and there has appeared between us and you animosity and hatred forever until you believe in Allah alone" except for the saying of Abraham to his father, "I will surely ask forgiveness for you, but I have not [power to do] for you anything against Allah. Our Lord, upon You we have relied, and to You we have returned, and to You is the destination.
قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ إِنَّا بُرَآءُ مِنْكُمْ وَمِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ كَفَرْنَا بِكُمْ وَبَدَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَالْبَغْضَاءُ أَبَدًا حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ إِلاَّ قَوْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ لَأَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَا أَمْلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ رَبَّنَا عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ أَنَبْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُand other verses from the texts of the Book and the Sunnah that prohibited taking the Jews and the Christians and other disbelievers as allies, and warned against taking as allies those upon whom the anger of Allah has come, and those who took the religion of Allah in mockery, from among those who were given the Book and the rest of the disbelievers. This is a clarification from Allah, the Exalted, of the ruling on the actions of the hearts, such as love, affection, and disavowal of the disbelievers, and hating them and hating the falsehood and misguidance they committed. As for worldly transactions, such as buying and selling and other exchanges of benefits, these follow the Shari'ah policy and economic aspects. So, if there is a truce between us and them, it is permissible to exchange benefits with them, such as selling, leasing, renting, and accepting gifts and presents, and reciprocating with them with kindness and goodness, in order to establish justice and observe the noble morals, provided that this does not contradict a Shari'ah principle and does not deviate from the transactional norms that Islam has made lawful. Allah, the Exalted, said:
Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.
لاَ يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَAllah only forbids you from those who fight you because of religion and expel you from your homes and aid in your expulsion - [forbids] that you make allies of them. And whoever makes allies of them, then it is those who are the wrongdoers.
إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَنْ تَوَلَّوْهُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَThe Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) clarified this practically in times of peace and war with the Jews in Madinah and Khaybar, and with the Christians and other disbelievers. Then Allah, the Exalted, clarified the reason for their hatred of the disbelievers, saying:
Those - He has decreed within their hearts faith and supported them with spirit from Him.
أُولَئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الإِيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُAnd We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally. Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him
وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُthose are the party of Allah. Unquestionably, the party of Allah - they are the successful.
أُولَئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ أَلا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَSo He supported them with His victory, favor, and kindness in this world and the Hereafter, and they were the successful ones, unlike those who deceived Allah and His Messenger and took the disbelievers as allies. From this, the following becomes clear: First: Whoever loves the disbelievers and is affectionate toward them in religion is a disbeliever, a disbelief that takes him out of the fold of Islam. Second: Whoever hates them in his heart and exchanges benefits with them, such as buying, selling, leasing, and renting, within the limits prescribed by Allah, has done nothing wrong. Third: Whoever hates them for the sake of Allah but associates with them and lives among them for a worldly benefit, preferring that over living with the Muslims in their lands, is sinful, because of the increase in their numbers and cooperation with them at the expense of the Muslims, and because he exposes himself to trials and deprives himself of cooperating with the Muslims in performing the rituals of Islam and attending their gatherings, and of advising and consulting with the Muslims on what brings strength and rise to the Islamic Ummah in this world and the Hereafter, unless he is a scholar who is safe from trial for himself and hopes that his residence among them will allow Allah to benefit through him in calling to Islam and spreading it among them. And success is from Allah. And may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.