What is the ruling for one who learns of the entry of Ramadan after the dawn has appeared?
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The Shaykh : The questioner says: We did not enjoy the fasting of this year except from the morning, so we abstained and did not eat anything. Well, no harm done. We fasted and did not taste anything, so is this fasting valid or not?
This question has been asked many times. It is that many people did not learn of the entry of the month until after the dawn had risen, due to the delay in its announcement. We say in answer to this that a person is not free from two states: either he went to sleep intending that if tomorrow is from Ramadan, he will fast. In this case, he owes nothing; his statement is valid and he owes nothing, with no making up of fasts required. If someone says, "This is a conditional intention that is not decisive, and acts of worship require a decisive intention," we say: But this conditional intention is the limit of a person's ability. People delayed their sleep until after the middle of the night, but because the news was not announced, they slept with the intention that if it is from Ramadan, they are fasting. This is the limit of human capacity. Conditioning acts of worship is a matter established by the Sunnah. Zubaydah, the daughter of al-Zubayr, was suffering from an illness, so she complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I want to perform Hajj, but I find myself ill." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Perform Hajj and make a condition,"Sunan an-Nasa'i 2766Hasan (Darussalam). The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said, Sunan an-Nasa'i 2766Hasan (Darussalam). If someone says, "This is a condition of understanding, not a condition of execution," we say: But the generality of the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) statement, Sunan an-Nasa'i 2766Hasan (Darussalam), and the generality of the statement of the Exalted, [At-Talaq 65:7], and the statement of the Exalted, [At-Talaq 65:7], indicate the validity of such a conditional intention.
As for if a person slept without any intention because he had despaired that the night was from Ramadan, or because nothing came to his mind, and then he did not know of the month until after the dawn had appeared, the majority of the scholars hold that it is obligatory for him to abstain and complete the fast. However, Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) held that he owes no making up of the fast. But if one makes up the fast following the opinion of the majority of the scholars, there is no blame on him for that. In summary, my brother, if you make up a day, there is no blame on you for this, and your obligation is certainly discharged by it, and the matter is easy in that. May Allah perfect your fast. Yes.
This question has been asked many times. It is that many people did not learn of the entry of the month until after the dawn had risen, due to the delay in its announcement. We say in answer to this that a person is not free from two states: either he went to sleep intending that if tomorrow is from Ramadan, he will fast. In this case, he owes nothing; his statement is valid and he owes nothing, with no making up of fasts required. If someone says, "This is a conditional intention that is not decisive, and acts of worship require a decisive intention," we say: But this conditional intention is the limit of a person's ability. People delayed their sleep until after the middle of the night, but because the news was not announced, they slept with the intention that if it is from Ramadan, they are fasting. This is the limit of human capacity. Conditioning acts of worship is a matter established by the Sunnah. Zubaydah, the daughter of al-Zubayr, was suffering from an illness, so she complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I want to perform Hajj, but I find myself ill." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Perform Hajj and make a condition,"
And whatever condition you stipulate will be accepted by your Lord.
فإن لك على ربك ما استثنيتAnd whatever condition you stipulate will be accepted by your Lord.
إن لك على ربك ما استثنيتAnd whatever condition you stipulate will be accepted by your Lord.
فإن لك على ربك ما استثنيتLet a man of wealth spend from his wealth, and he whose provision is restricted - let him spend from what Allah has given him. Allah does not charge a soul except [according to] what He has given it. Allah will bring about, after hardship, ease.
اللَّهُAllah does not charge a soul except
لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّاAs for if a person slept without any intention because he had despaired that the night was from Ramadan, or because nothing came to his mind, and then he did not know of the month until after the dawn had appeared, the majority of the scholars hold that it is obligatory for him to abstain and complete the fast. However, Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) held that he owes no making up of the fast. But if one makes up the fast following the opinion of the majority of the scholars, there is no blame on him for that. In summary, my brother, if you make up a day, there is no blame on you for this, and your obligation is certainly discharged by it, and the matter is easy in that. May Allah perfect your fast. Yes.
Source
دروس وفتاوى المسجد الحرام لعام 1406هـ - 8 — binothaimeen.net (40:40)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.