What is the ruling on the fasting of one who is sane for a time and insane for another time?
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The questioner : What is the ruling on the fasting of one who is sane for a time and insane for another time, or who is sane for a time and then becomes incoherent or harmful another time?
The Shaykh : The ruling revolves around its cause. So in the times when he is sane and of sound mind, fasting is obligatory upon him. In the times when he is sane but incoherent, and in the times when he is insane, the intention is incoherence, so fasting is not obligatory upon him. So if it is assumed that he becomes insane one day and recovers one day, or is incoherent one day and sane one day, then on the day he is sane, fasting is obligatory upon him, and on the day he is not sane, fasting is not obligatory upon him. But if it happens to him during the day, for example, he was sane and then his sanity left him.
If he becomes insane during the day, his fast is invalid because he has become one who is not among those who perform worship. Likewise, if he becomes incoherent during the day, it is not obligatory for him to abstain, but it is obligatory for him to make it up. Likewise, the one who became insane during the day, it is obligatory for you to make it up because at the beginning of the day he was among those for whom it is obligatory.
The most remote of the opinions in this is that it is forbidden. Due to the statement of 'Amir ibn YasirSunan an-Nasa'i 2188Sahih (Darussalam). And because the fasting person on the day of doubt has transgressed the limits of Allah Mighty and Majestic, because the limits of Allah are that Ramadan is not fasted except by its sighting, meaning the sighting of its crescent, or completing Sha'ban thirty days. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No one of you should precede Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq 9:24 Let him fast.
Then, the person who is under the authority of a Muslim state follows its authority. If the entry of the month is established with the one in authority, let him fast following the Muslims, and if it is not established, he does not fast. And it has preceded us in the first sessions, if a person sees Ramadan alone, does he fast or not?
The Shaykh : The ruling revolves around its cause. So in the times when he is sane and of sound mind, fasting is obligatory upon him. In the times when he is sane but incoherent, and in the times when he is insane, the intention is incoherence, so fasting is not obligatory upon him. So if it is assumed that he becomes insane one day and recovers one day, or is incoherent one day and sane one day, then on the day he is sane, fasting is obligatory upon him, and on the day he is not sane, fasting is not obligatory upon him. But if it happens to him during the day, for example, he was sane and then his sanity left him.
If he becomes insane during the day, his fast is invalid because he has become one who is not among those who perform worship. Likewise, if he becomes incoherent during the day, it is not obligatory for him to abstain, but it is obligatory for him to make it up. Likewise, the one who became insane during the day, it is obligatory for you to make it up because at the beginning of the day he was among those for whom it is obligatory.
The most remote of the opinions in this is that it is forbidden. Due to the statement of 'Amir ibn Yasir
Whoever fasts on the day concerning which there is doubt, has disobeyed Abu Al-Qasim.
من صام اليوم الذي يشك فيه فقد عصى أبا القاسم صلى الله عليه وسلمRamadan by fasting one day or two days, except a man who used to fast a fast
رمضان بصوم يوم أو يومين إلا رجل كان يصوم صوماThen, the person who is under the authority of a Muslim state follows its authority. If the entry of the month is established with the one in authority, let him fast following the Muslims, and if it is not established, he does not fast. And it has preceded us in the first sessions, if a person sees Ramadan alone, does he fast or not?
Source
ابن العثيمين - فتاوى الصيام — archive.org
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.