The ruling on one who learns of the entry of Ramadan during the day
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The questioner : He says: We heard about the fast after the sun had risen, and we did not refrain from eating and drinking until sunset, and we fasted from the next day. Do we have any sin upon us?
The Shaykh : And he did not refrain.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : Meaning they became disbelievers, they were drinking.
The questioner : He says: We heard about the fast after the sun had risen, and we did not refrain from eating and drinking until sunset, and we fasted from the next day. Do we have any sin upon us?
The Shaykh : It is without doubt that a person must refrain if he learns of the entry of the month, even if it is during the day, because he was ignorant at first and then it became clear, so refraining is obligatory. This is like if a person breaks his fast thinking the sun has set, but then it becomes clear that it has not set, so he must refrain. Or if he thinks the dawn has not appeared, but then it becomes clear that it has appeared, he must refrain. These people who did not know of the entry of the month except during the day must calculate.
Then the scholars differed on whether they must make up the fast or not. The Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) held that making it up is not obligatory, because they only ate at the beginning of the day while ignorant, and it is not possible for them to intend the fast when they did not know of the entry of the month. Intention follows knowledge, so if they were not aware, the intention from the night is not obligatory upon them. However, the most cautious course in this matter is that they make up one day. The difference between this and what we mentioned, where a person consumes something that breaks the fast while ignorant and his fast is not invalidated, is that in the second case, we see that he had the fast and relied upon it. As for those who did not know of the crescent except during the day, they did not intend the fast at all. So the precaution, without doubt, is that they make up this day in which the news did not reach them except during its middle, and they are required to refrain until the sun sets.
The Shaykh : And he did not refrain.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : Meaning they became disbelievers, they were drinking.
The questioner : He says: We heard about the fast after the sun had risen, and we did not refrain from eating and drinking until sunset, and we fasted from the next day. Do we have any sin upon us?
The Shaykh : It is without doubt that a person must refrain if he learns of the entry of the month, even if it is during the day, because he was ignorant at first and then it became clear, so refraining is obligatory. This is like if a person breaks his fast thinking the sun has set, but then it becomes clear that it has not set, so he must refrain. Or if he thinks the dawn has not appeared, but then it becomes clear that it has appeared, he must refrain. These people who did not know of the entry of the month except during the day must calculate.
Then the scholars differed on whether they must make up the fast or not. The Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) held that making it up is not obligatory, because they only ate at the beginning of the day while ignorant, and it is not possible for them to intend the fast when they did not know of the entry of the month. Intention follows knowledge, so if they were not aware, the intention from the night is not obligatory upon them. However, the most cautious course in this matter is that they make up one day. The difference between this and what we mentioned, where a person consumes something that breaks the fast while ignorant and his fast is not invalidated, is that in the second case, we see that he had the fast and relied upon it. As for those who did not know of the crescent except during the day, they did not intend the fast at all. So the precaution, without doubt, is that they make up this day in which the news did not reach them except during its middle, and they are required to refrain until the sun sets.
Source
اللقاءات الرمضانية لعام 1416هـ - 2 — binothaimeen.net (45:15)
The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.