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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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The ruling on one who misses the Fajr prayer due to sleep

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Question:
I sometimes miss the Fajr prayer because of sleep. Is this a sin for me?

Answer:
This requires a distinction. If sleep overcame you and you had no choice, then sleep is not a cause for invalidation, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
(peace and blessings be upon him) There is no invalidation in the day, rather the invalidation is inصلى الله عليه وسلم ليس في اليوم التفريض، إنما التفريض في
the covenant. However, if you are able to get up for Fajr by setting an alarm clock or by asking someone in your family to wake you, and then you are lax and rely on this, and you are in danger, you must also go to bed early and not stay up late until you are able to get up for Fajr. If you are lax about staying up late, or about not having an alarm clock, or about not having someone to wake you, then you are like one who does it intentionally, and you have committed a great sin. You may even become a disbeliever because of that; because the one who intentionally abandons the prayer until its time passes is considered a disbeliever by the majority of scholars. Yes.
Based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
as saying, “The covenant between us and them is prayer, so if anyone abandons it he has become an infidel.”صلى الله عليه وسلم العهد الذي بيننا وبينهم الصلاة فمن تركها فقد كفر،
Mishkat al-Masabih 574
And from Jabir ibn 'Abdullah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with them both), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he said:
between the man and disbelief and shirk (associating partners with Allah) is the prayer,بين الرجل وبين الكفر والشرك الصلاة،
The expression "the man" does not exclude the woman; the rulings encompass everyone. Sometimes "the man" is used and the ruling is general, and sometimes "the woman" is used and the ruling is general, because everyone is accountable. 'Abdullah ibn Shaqiq al-'Aqili (may Allah have mercy on him), who was a great Tabi'i, said: The Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not consider any act of worship to be disbelief if abandoned, except the prayer. The prayer has a great status. Intentionally abandoning it until its time passes is disbelief according to a large group of scholars, based on these hadiths and what came in their meaning. However, if sleep overcame you, as mentioned earlier, then you owe nothing. But you must take precautions. You must set the alarm clock for the time. You must ask someone available in your household to wake you. You must go to bed early so that you can get up. All of this is obligatory for you and for those like you. Many people stay up late and then do not get up for the Fajr prayer, and this is a great evil and a great sin. It is obligatory for men and women not to stay up late in a way that leads to abandoning the prayer. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) warned against talking after 'Isha' prayer, and disliked sleeping before it and talking after it. In fact, he warned against that after 'Isha' because it may lead to abandoning the Fajr prayer. Therefore, one should not stay up late except for a legitimate Shari'ah interest, such as staying up with a guest, or with one's wife for a person's need, and then sleeping, or in matters concerning the Muslims, such as night watchmen for the affairs of the Muslims and the state, and the like of those who look after the interests of the Muslims.
Therefore, it is obligatory for every accountable person to take precautions for their prayer, and to go to bed early so that they can get up for the Fajr prayer, and to seek help with what Allah has made easy for them, such as clocks or other means of waking, from their family, so that they can perform it in its time with their Muslim brothers, and so that the woman can perform it in her home in its time. And so it is with the remaining prayers; they must be performed in their times, and it is not permissible to be lax until the time is wasted and passes.
Source قناة «فضيلة الشيخ ابن باز Alsheikh Binbaz»، 10338 - حكم من يضيع صلاة الصبح بسبب النوم - نور على الدرب — youtube.com

The Arabic text is a machine transcription of the audio recording.

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