Chapter: "Encouraging the bequest and justice in it, warning against neglecting it or causing harm in it, and what has been reported regarding those who free slaves and give charity upon death" Explanation of a Hadith
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The Shaykh : We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our souls and from the badness of our deeds. Whom Allah guides, no one can mislead, and whom He causes to go astray, no one can guide. And I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger.
[Ali 'Imran 3:102] .
[An-Nisa 4:1] .
[Al-Ahzab 33:70-71] .
As for what follows:
For the best of speech is the speech of Allah, and the best of guidance is the guidance of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and the worst of matters are their newly invented ones, and every newly invented matter is a religious innovation, and every religious innovation is misguidance, and every misguidance is in the Fire.
"Encouraging the bequest and justice in it, warning against neglecting it or causing harm in it, and what has been reported regarding those who free slaves and give charity upon death".
The first hadith is one of the authentic hadiths; its tracing will teach you that.
He said, on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sunan Abi Dawud 2862Sahih (Al-Albani) And in another narration: Sunan al-Bayhaqi 10:53.
Sunan Abi Dawud 2862Sahih (Al-Albani) And in another narration: Sunan al-Bayhaqi 10:53
He said, Nafi' heard Abdullah ibn 'Umar say: "No night has passed for me since I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that, except that I have my bequest written with me." It was narrated by Malik, al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa'i, and Ibn Majah.
In such a tracing, some people abbreviate it by saying, "It was narrated by Malik and the six," meaning the authors of the six books, the authors of the two Sahihs, al-Bukhari and Muslim, and the four authors of the Sunan. However, clarification may be more beneficial for some people.
The point of this hadith is a strong exhortation for every Muslim not to spend at least two nights passing by him, let alone more than that, without having his bequest written. So it is necessary for every Muslim to have a written bequest under his head every two nights at the most.
But what is this bequest? One might think that any bequest is required, but that is not the case. Rather, the exhortation in this hadith applies to a bequest for a person who has something, as he said, "who has something." And in some narrations of the hadith in Sunan al-Bayhaqi, instead of the word "something," it says: "who has wealth." The meaning of that is that the bequest becomes obligatory upon the one who has wealth with someone, or who owes wealth to someone. So at that time, it is necessary to execute this bequest by writing his bequest that so-and-so has a claim on him for such-and-such, and so-and-so has a claim on him for such-and-such. In the first case, if he has a debt and a liability, it is clear that the matter is very important for him because he will die with a debt in his liability.
And we have passed with you in some hadiths the danger of one who dies with a debt. For example, from these hadiths is his saying (peace be upon him): "Every sin is forgiven for the martyr except debt."
Likewise, in another hadith, that the dead person is suspended in his grave by his debt. And in an incident that occurred during his time (peace be upon him): It seems he was exhorting them to ensure that one of them pays off that debt for the deceased. Meaning, he was being tormented because of it, because of the debt he died with. So whoever has a debt, it is very important for him to bequeath that his family and relatives hasten to pay off this debt for him, so that he does not live as a prisoner in his debt in his grave. And if he has a debt owed to him by people, this is the right of the heirs after him. If he conceals that and does not bequeath it, this right is lost for his heirs, as if he has deprived them of the wealth he left for them after him.
So such a bequest is obligatory, and this hadith applies directly to it due to his saying, "he had something," and in the other narration, "wealth."
O you who have believed, fear Allah as He should be feared and do not die except as Muslims [in submission to Him].
يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله حق تقاته ولا تموتن إلا وأنتم مسلمونO mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed Allah is ever, over you, an Observer.
يا أيها الناس اتقوا ربكم الذي خلقكم من نفس واحدة وخلق منها زوجها وبث منهما رجالا كثيرا ونساء واتقوا الله الذي تساءلون به والأرحام إن الله كان عليكم رقيبا(70) O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice. (71) He will [then] amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great attainment.
يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وقولوا قولا سديدا يصلح لكم أعمالكم ويغفر لكم ذنوبكم ومن يطع الله ورسوله فقد فاز فوزا عظيماAs for what follows:
For the best of speech is the speech of Allah, and the best of guidance is the guidance of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and the worst of matters are their newly invented ones, and every newly invented matter is a religious innovation, and every religious innovation is misguidance, and every misguidance is in the Fire.
"Encouraging the bequest and justice in it, warning against neglecting it or causing harm in it, and what has been reported regarding those who free slaves and give charity upon death".
The first hadith is one of the authentic hadiths; its tracing will teach you that.
He said, on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
It is the duty of a Muslim man who has something which is to be given as bequest not to have it for two nights
ما حق امرئ مسلم له شيء يوصي فيه يبيت ليلتينthree nights except that his bequest is written with him
ثلاث ليال إلا ووصيته مكتوبة عندهIt is the duty of a Muslim man who has something which is to be given as bequest not to have it for two nights
ما حق امرئ مسلم له شيء يوصي فيه يبيت ليلتينthree nights except that his bequest is written with him
ثلاث ليال إلا ووصيته مكتوبة عندهHe said, Nafi' heard Abdullah ibn 'Umar say: "No night has passed for me since I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that, except that I have my bequest written with me." It was narrated by Malik, al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa'i, and Ibn Majah.
In such a tracing, some people abbreviate it by saying, "It was narrated by Malik and the six," meaning the authors of the six books, the authors of the two Sahihs, al-Bukhari and Muslim, and the four authors of the Sunan. However, clarification may be more beneficial for some people.
The point of this hadith is a strong exhortation for every Muslim not to spend at least two nights passing by him, let alone more than that, without having his bequest written. So it is necessary for every Muslim to have a written bequest under his head every two nights at the most.
But what is this bequest? One might think that any bequest is required, but that is not the case. Rather, the exhortation in this hadith applies to a bequest for a person who has something, as he said, "who has something." And in some narrations of the hadith in Sunan al-Bayhaqi, instead of the word "something," it says:
Inclined
مالAnd we have passed with you in some hadiths the danger of one who dies with a debt. For example, from these hadiths is his saying (peace be upon him):
Every sin is forgiven for the martyr, then he said: "Except debt." Jibril (peace be upon him) came to me just now and said: "Except debt."
يغفر للشهيد كل ذنب ثم قال إلا الدين جاءني جبريل عليه السلام آنفا فقال إلا الدينLikewise, in another hadith, that the dead person is suspended in his grave by his debt. And in an incident that occurred during his time (peace be upon him):
A man died, and after a day or two, the Messenger (peace be upon him) preached to them and said: "Who is the family of so-and-so, or the relatives of so-and-so?" So the people seemed to be silent and feared that there might be something in it. So he said to them: "So-and-so is a prisoner in his grave by his debt."
توفي رجل وبعد يوم أو يومين خطب الرسول عليه السلام فيهم فقال من أهل فلان أو أقارب فلان فكأن القوم سكتوا وخافوا أن يكون فيه شيء فقال لهم إن فلانا مأسورا بدينه في قبرهSo a man stood up, I think it was Abu Qatadah al-Ansari, and said: "I, O Messenger of Allah." After a day or more, he asked him: "Have you paid it off?" He said: "No." So he hastened to pay it off. Then he asked him again and said: "I did it." He (peace be upon him) said: "Now his skin has cooled."
فقام رجل أظنه أبا قتادة الأنصاري قال علي يا رسول الله بعد يوم أو أكثر سأله هل وفيت قال لا فعجله بالوفاء ثم سأله فقال فعلت قال عليه السلام الآن بردت جلدتهSo such a bequest is obligatory, and this hadith applies directly to it due to his saying, "he had something," and in the other narration, "wealth."