The ruling on uttering a statement or oath that the speaker does not intend

Question : The permissibility of uttering a statement one does not intend, which merely slips off the tongue.

Answer : As for the phrase "May your mother be bereaved of you, O Mu'adh," this word is a supplication, but it passes on tongues with the intent of urging, not as a supplication.
This aligns with the legal principle that Allah does not hold a person accountable for idle talk, as Allah the Exalted said: . And in the other verse, "by what the hearts have earned," by what the hearts have earned.
Accordingly, oaths that slip off the tongue do not hold a person accountable. For example, your companion might say, "Do you want to go to so-and-so?" and you say, "No, by Allah, I am not going," and then you go. Do you owe an expiation? No, because this passed through the person without intention.
People often say things like, "By Allah, I will not do this thing, or I will break your legs," and the boy does it. Do we say he broke them? Yes? We do not say that, because we know the person did not intend this. If he saw someone trying to break one of his son's fingers, he would kill him. The point is that what the heart does not resolve to is nothing; it does not hold a person accountable.