Examples of specifying a general text.
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The Shaykh :"If a text has a specific aspect or specification, its generality is weakened. Therefore, if it is opposed by a general text that has not been specified, the general text that has been specified by another text is used to specify the general text. It is not permissible to specify a general text that has not been specified at all by a general text that has been specified by another text."
This is very precise wording, but it may need clarification with an example. The example is now before us, but before that, we turn to the hadiths that prohibit prayer in the three times: when the sun is rising, when it is standing in the middle of the sky, and when it is slanting toward sunset. These are undoubtedly general texts, but they have been opposed by other texts that clarify the permissibility of some prayers in these times. For example, the hadith that came in *Sunan al-Tirmidhi* and others: So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) approved it, and it became part of the Sunnah that if a person enters the mosque and has not yet prayed the Sunnah, and it is known that it is not prescribed for him to resume the Sunnah after the iqamah has been called, due to his saying (peace be upon him): Jami` at-Tirmidhi 421Sahih (Darussalam) Is it permissible for him to pray after the obligatory prayer? This hadith indicates permissibility.
So his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):Sunan Ibn Majah 1249Sahih (Darussalam) has been specified by this specification.
Similarly, for example, his saying (peace and blessings be upon him): This hadith also specifies the hadiths prohibiting prayer in the three times. There are many hadiths in this regard. One of the scholars of hadith in India compiled them in a book, which is a valuable book that I advise you to read and study in detail, namely: *In'alam Ahl al-Asr bi Ahkam Ruk'atay Sunnat al-Fajr*. There, the texts that specify the hadiths prohibiting prayer in the three times are traced.
So Ibn Taymiyyah now.
The questioner : What is the name of the author of the book?
The Shaykh : His name is: Shams al-Din al-'Azzam Abadi.
This is very precise wording, but it may need clarification with an example. The example is now before us, but before that, we turn to the hadiths that prohibit prayer in the three times: when the sun is rising, when it is standing in the middle of the sky, and when it is slanting toward sunset. These are undoubtedly general texts, but they have been opposed by other texts that clarify the permissibility of some prayers in these times. For example, the hadith that came in *Sunan al-Tirmidhi* and others:
That the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) once finished the Fajr prayer, and a man stood up to pray. He said to him: "Are you praying two prayers together?" When the man finished, he said: "O Messenger of Allah, I entered the mosque and the prayer had already been established, and I had not yet prayed the two rak'ahs of Fajr, so these are them."
أن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم لما سلّم ذات يوم من صلاة الفجر قام رجل يصلي ، قال له : أصلاتان معاً ؟ لما سلم الرجل قال: يا رسول الله دخلت المسجد وقد أقيمت لصلاة ولم أكن قد صليت ركعتي الفجر فهما هاتانWhen the Iqamah has been called for the Salat then there is no Salat except the obligatory.
إذا أقيمت الصلاة فلا صلاة إلا المكتوبةSo his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):
there is no prayer after the Fajr until the sun has risen
لا صلاة بعد الفجر حتى تطلع الشمسSimilarly, for example, his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):
Whoever forgets a prayer or sleeps through it, let him pray it when he remembers it. There is no expiation for it except that.
من نسي صلاة أو نام عنها فليصلها حين يذكرها لا كفارة لها إلا ذلكSo Ibn Taymiyyah now.
The questioner : What is the name of the author of the book?
The Shaykh : His name is: Shams al-Din al-'Azzam Abadi.