Allah the Exalted says in His Noble Book: And those who are taken in death among you and leave behind wives, [they should make] a bequest for their wives
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Question: Allah the Exalted says in His Noble Book: [al-Baqarah: 240], what is the meaning of this verse,And what is the meaning of His saying: [Al-Baqarah 2:240] ؟
Answer: The majority of exegetes hold that this verse was in effect at the beginning, for it was obligatory for the widow to remain in the house of her deceased husband for a period of one year, and for him to provide for her from his estate,His statement:[Al-Baqarah 2:240] meaning: she remains in the marital home for a period of one year, and he provides for her from his wealth by his bequest,and His saying, the Exalted: [Al-Baqarah 2:240] ،
Meaning: that it is obligatory for him before his death to bequeath that he provide for her until the completion of the year, and that she remain in his house,The majority of exegetes said: This was the ruling at the beginning of Islam, then Allah abrogated this in the verse before it,And it is His saying, the Exalted: [al-Baqarah: 234]. The verse regarding the waiting period of death, which is four months and ten days, this is the waiting period.
As for the provision, it was abrogated by the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):, so she has no right to maintenance from the deceased's estate, but rather she spends from her own share; because she is an heir, so both rulings were abrogated, the housing was abrogated, and the maintenance was abrogated.
This is the position of the majority of exegetes, and Allah the Exalted knows best.
Question: What is the meaning of His saying:[Al-Baqarah 2:240]?
Answer: The meaning of it, as in the verse before it, is that when her waiting period ends, she is permitted to adorn herself with what is customary, without extravagance and without causing fitnah; because during the waiting period she is prohibited from adorning herself, and when her waiting period ends, what was prohibited to her is permitted to her within the limits of what is known to be good, which contains no fitnah and no extravagance.
And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - for their wives is a bequest: maintenance for one year without turning [them] out. But if they leave [of their own accord], then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable way. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.
وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌwhat they do with themselves in an acceptable way
مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍAnswer: The majority of exegetes hold that this verse was in effect at the beginning, for it was obligatory for the widow to remain in the house of her deceased husband for a period of one year, and for him to provide for her from his estate,His statement:
maintenance for one year without turning [them] out
مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍAnd those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - for their wives is a bequest: maintenance for one year
وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِMeaning: that it is obligatory for him before his death to bequeath that he provide for her until the completion of the year, and that she remain in his house,The majority of exegetes said: This was the ruling at the beginning of Islam, then Allah abrogated this in the verse before it,And it is His saying, the Exalted:
And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - they, [the wives, shall] wait four months and ten [days]
وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًاAs for the provision, it was abrogated by the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
There is no bequest for an heir
لا وصية لوارثThis is the position of the majority of exegetes, and Allah the Exalted knows best.
Question: What is the meaning of His saying:
blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable way
جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍAnswer: The meaning of it, as in the verse before it, is that when her waiting period ends, she is permitted to adorn herself with what is customary, without extravagance and without causing fitnah; because during the waiting period she is prohibited from adorning herself, and when her waiting period ends, what was prohibited to her is permitted to her within the limits of what is known to be good, which contains no fitnah and no extravagance.