The Time for Making Up the Sunnah of Fajr
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If one misses the sunnah of Fajr, is it better to make it up after the sun has risen or before it rises?
If the sunnah of Fajr is missed, meaning you arrived and the people were praying, so you prayed with them, and you had not performed the rawatib, then perform it after the prayer. There is no blame on you after the dhikr; once you remember Allah, you pray it, and there is no blame on you. If you wish, you may delay it until the daytime, after the sun has risen to the height of a spear. However, this latter option is conditional on you not fearing that you will forget it. If you fear forgetting it, it is better to perform it after the prayer.
If the sunnah of Fajr is missed, meaning you arrived and the people were praying, so you prayed with them, and you had not performed the rawatib, then perform it after the prayer. There is no blame on you after the dhikr; once you remember Allah, you pray it, and there is no blame on you. If you wish, you may delay it until the daytime, after the sun has risen to the height of a spear. However, this latter option is conditional on you not fearing that you will forget it. If you fear forgetting it, it is better to perform it after the prayer.