A word by the Shaykh regarding the establishment of prayer and the discussion of three matters of establishing prayer: the time, purity, and covering the 'awrah.
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The Shaykh : Then we return after this to the topic of our discussion in these blessed nights.
We spoke about the establishment of prayer, and we mentioned three matters of its establishment, which are?
Who knows them? Yes.
The student: The time, purity, and the 'awrah.
The Shaykh : Well done.
The time, purity, and the 'awrah—rest.
We mentioned that the times are five, four of which are consecutive, and one is separate.
The four consecutive ones? Brother, stop.
The student: Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Baqarah 2:104].
The Shaykh : Just mention them to me.
Mention the four consecutive ones.
The student: The hands and the face.
The Shaykh : What? We are talking about the times now.
The student: Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha'.
The Shaykh : These four are consecutive.
The student: Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha', these four are consecutive.
And Fajr is on its own.
The Shaykh : Separate, good—rest.
What is the evidence that these four are consecutive and Fajr is separate? Please.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : But what is the evidence that these four are consecutive?
The student: Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha'.
The Shaykh : The evidence, the evidence, rest.
The student:[Al-Isra 17:78].
The Shaykh : Good, well done, rest.
We continue, there is no obstacle[Al-Isra 17:78] Then He said: "for the slanting of the sun": meaning the setting of the sun, "to the darkness of the night": the end of its darkness.
So: from midday to midnight, all of this is a place for the establishment of prayer, then He said:.
And the Sunnah has clarified that the time of Zuhr is from the setting of the sun until the shadow of every thing becomes equal to it.
And the time of 'Asr: from that until the sun turns yellow in the case of choice, and until its setting in the case of necessity.
And that the time of Maghrib is from the setting of the sun until the disappearance of the red twilight.
And the time of 'Isha' is from the disappearance of the red twilight to midnight.
And that the time of Fajr is from the appearance of the dawn to the rising of the sun.
So the first half of the day is not a time for obligatory prayer.
And the last half of the night is not a time for obligatory prayer.
Good, regarding purity, we mentioned that Allah the Exalted mentioned two types of purity, purity with water, and purity with earth.
And that purity with water is either for major ritual impurity or for minor ritual impurity, and it differs according to their difference.
As for purity with earth, it does not differ regarding minor and major ritual impurity, because it is all wiping the face and the hands.
And we mentioned covering the 'awrah and that it must be with a permissible, pure garment that covers the skin.
And we said: if the garment is impure, then it is not valid for the one praying to cover himself with it.
If it is forbidden, then it is not valid for the one praying to cover himself with it.
If it is not covering but reveals the skin, then it is not valid for the one praying to cover himself with it because it is not covering.
And we spoke about what the jurists said regarding the divisions of the 'awrah.
And that it is three divisions: light, heavy, and moderate.
So the light one is the 'awrah of the boy between seven and ten years old, so this is only the two private parts.
And the heavy one is the 'awrah of the free, adult woman, and it is her entire body except the face, so it is not 'awrah in prayer but it is 'awrah in looking.
And the moderate one is the 'awrah of everyone other than these two, meaning other than the small boy and other than the free, adult woman.
So included in that is the 'awrah of the man from ten years old to the end of his old age, the 'awrah of the non-adult woman, and the 'awrah of the non-free woman.
So all of these are between the navel and the knee, as the jurists (may Allah have mercy on them) said.
And we warned about something that some people use, which is that they wear light clothes over short trousers that do not reach the knee, so the thigh is clearly visible, so these people have not covered their 'awrah, and their prayer is not valid, neither obligatory nor voluntary.
We spoke about the establishment of prayer, and we mentioned three matters of its establishment, which are?
Who knows them? Yes.
The student: The time, purity, and the 'awrah.
The Shaykh : Well done.
The time, purity, and the 'awrah—rest.
We mentioned that the times are five, four of which are consecutive, and one is separate.
The four consecutive ones? Brother, stop.
The student: Allah the Exalted said:
O you who have believed
ياأيها الذين آمنواThe Shaykh : Just mention them to me.
Mention the four consecutive ones.
The student: The hands and the face.
The Shaykh : What? We are talking about the times now.
The student: Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha'.
The Shaykh : These four are consecutive.
The student: Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha', these four are consecutive.
And Fajr is on its own.
The Shaykh : Separate, good—rest.
What is the evidence that these four are consecutive and Fajr is separate? Please.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : But what is the evidence that these four are consecutive?
The student: Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha'.
The Shaykh : The evidence, the evidence, rest.
The student:
Establish prayer at the decline of the sun [from its meridian] until the darkness of the night and [also] the Qur'an of dawn. Indeed, the recitation of dawn is ever witnessed.
أقم الصلاة لدلوك الشمس وقرآن الفجر إن قرآن الفجر كان مشهوداThe Shaykh : Good, well done, rest.
We continue, there is no obstacle
Establish prayer at the decline of the sun [from its meridian] until the darkness of the night
أقم الصلاة لدلوك الشمس إلى غسق الليلAnd the recitation of the dawn.
وقرآن الفجرSo: from midday to midnight, all of this is a place for the establishment of prayer, then He said:
And the recitation of the dawn.
وقرآن الفجرAnd the Sunnah has clarified that the time of Zuhr is from the setting of the sun until the shadow of every thing becomes equal to it.
And the time of 'Asr: from that until the sun turns yellow in the case of choice, and until its setting in the case of necessity.
And that the time of Maghrib is from the setting of the sun until the disappearance of the red twilight.
And the time of 'Isha' is from the disappearance of the red twilight to midnight.
And that the time of Fajr is from the appearance of the dawn to the rising of the sun.
So the first half of the day is not a time for obligatory prayer.
And the last half of the night is not a time for obligatory prayer.
Good, regarding purity, we mentioned that Allah the Exalted mentioned two types of purity, purity with water, and purity with earth.
And that purity with water is either for major ritual impurity or for minor ritual impurity, and it differs according to their difference.
As for purity with earth, it does not differ regarding minor and major ritual impurity, because it is all wiping the face and the hands.
And we mentioned covering the 'awrah and that it must be with a permissible, pure garment that covers the skin.
And we said: if the garment is impure, then it is not valid for the one praying to cover himself with it.
If it is forbidden, then it is not valid for the one praying to cover himself with it.
If it is not covering but reveals the skin, then it is not valid for the one praying to cover himself with it because it is not covering.
And we spoke about what the jurists said regarding the divisions of the 'awrah.
And that it is three divisions: light, heavy, and moderate.
So the light one is the 'awrah of the boy between seven and ten years old, so this is only the two private parts.
And the heavy one is the 'awrah of the free, adult woman, and it is her entire body except the face, so it is not 'awrah in prayer but it is 'awrah in looking.
And the moderate one is the 'awrah of everyone other than these two, meaning other than the small boy and other than the free, adult woman.
So included in that is the 'awrah of the man from ten years old to the end of his old age, the 'awrah of the non-adult woman, and the 'awrah of the non-free woman.
So all of these are between the navel and the knee, as the jurists (may Allah have mercy on them) said.
And we warned about something that some people use, which is that they wear light clothes over short trousers that do not reach the knee, so the thigh is clearly visible, so these people have not covered their 'awrah, and their prayer is not valid, neither obligatory nor voluntary.