Covering the 'awrah is a condition of the prayer
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Question: What is the ruling on one who prayed while part of his 'awrah was exposed, and he did not realize it until the end of his prayer, when one of the worshippers pointed it out to him? Is his prayer valid?
Or does he have to make it up? Please advise us, and may Allah reward you.
Answer: There is no doubt that covering the 'awrah is a condition of the prayer, provided it is possible.
Ibn 'Abd al-Barr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The scholars are in agreement that the prayer of one who prays naked, while he is able to wear clothes, is defective, or as he said.
So covering the 'awrah is a condition for the validity of the prayer, if it is possible. And what was mentioned in the question is that this worshipper had part of his 'awrah exposed, and he did not know about it until he finished the prayer, and those present pointed it out to him.
This requires a detailed explanation: If what was exposed was a large amount, then his prayer is invalid. But if it was a small amount, and he did not do it intentionally, then his prayer is valid, if Allah wills. This is based on the fact that 'Amr ibn Salimah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to pray with his companions while he was young in age. So when he prostrated, part of his 'awrah would be exposed, and the women would see it from behind the row. He did not repeat the prayer, and this was during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). This indicates that if a small amount of the 'awrah is exposed, and it was not intentional, then his prayer is valid.
But if he did it intentionally, then his prayer is invalid, even if what was exposed was a small amount.
Likewise, if he did not do it intentionally, but this exposure was a large amount, then he must repeat his prayer because the condition was not fulfilled.
Or does he have to make it up? Please advise us, and may Allah reward you.
Answer: There is no doubt that covering the 'awrah is a condition of the prayer, provided it is possible.
Ibn 'Abd al-Barr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The scholars are in agreement that the prayer of one who prays naked, while he is able to wear clothes, is defective, or as he said.
So covering the 'awrah is a condition for the validity of the prayer, if it is possible. And what was mentioned in the question is that this worshipper had part of his 'awrah exposed, and he did not know about it until he finished the prayer, and those present pointed it out to him.
This requires a detailed explanation: If what was exposed was a large amount, then his prayer is invalid. But if it was a small amount, and he did not do it intentionally, then his prayer is valid, if Allah wills. This is based on the fact that 'Amr ibn Salimah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to pray with his companions while he was young in age. So when he prostrated, part of his 'awrah would be exposed, and the women would see it from behind the row. He did not repeat the prayer, and this was during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). This indicates that if a small amount of the 'awrah is exposed, and it was not intentional, then his prayer is valid.
But if he did it intentionally, then his prayer is invalid, even if what was exposed was a small amount.
Likewise, if he did not do it intentionally, but this exposure was a large amount, then he must repeat his prayer because the condition was not fulfilled.