The disbelievers in the Islamic system are of three categories: the dhimmis, the mu'ahadun (those under a treaty), and the muharibun (those at war).

The Shaykh : Here I must pause for a moment.
The disbelievers in the Islamic system are of three categories: the dhimmis, who are the people of the dhimmah, the mu'ahadun (those under a treaty), and the muharibun (those at war). As for the people of the dhimmah, they are those who choose to live and reside in the Islamic state under its rule and system, on the condition, as Allah the Exalted said: Therefore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), whenever he dispatched an army and appointed an commander over them, would advise him with a set of instructions, among which was: If the disbelievers submit to paying the jizyah mentioned in the hadith and the verse, they then become, in modern terminology, citizens. However, today's citizens are not the same as the people of the dhimmah of the past, because today there is no distinction between the Muslim and the disbeliever, no distinction between the Muslim and the Jew or the Christian. Islam distinguishes between these groups.
These disbelievers who choose to live under the rule of Islam and the system of Islam in exchange for a jizyah they pay are the people of the dhimmah. Their blood and honor are protected and respected; it is not permissible to encroach upon them, just as it is not permissible to encroach upon the sanctity of a Muslim. Therefore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The mu'ahad (one under a treaty) will be explained, along with the difference between him and the dhimmi, shortly, if Allah wills.
If the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) says that whoever kills a mu'ahad disbeliever, meaning without right, will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, and in some authentic hadiths: This one who kills a mu'ahad disbeliever without right will not enter Paradise and will not find its fragrance. These are the people of the dhimmah, who live under the banner of the Muslim state.
The second category is the mu'ahadun (those under a treaty), meaning the disbelievers who live in their own lands, not in the lands of Islam, but who enter the lands of Islam by agreement with the Muslim state and under conditions and treaties. It is not permissible to encroach upon them, due to the aforementioned hadith, because they are the ones called mu'ahadun. The third category is the muharibun (those at war), meaning those who fight the Muslims. They are the enemies of the religion; they do not believe in Islam and are enemies of the Muslims. They do not respond to their call, nor do they pay the jizyah with their own hands while in a state of humiliation. Rather, they are preparing themselves to fight the Muslims. These are the muharibun. It is permissible to kill them wherever they are caught, wherever they are found. The clearest example of this is the Jews who occupied Palestine. However, if a disbeliever from among these tourists or visitors enters, they did not enter our Islamic country except with the permission of the Muslim ruler. Therefore, it is not permissible to encroach upon him, because he is a mu'ahad (one under a treaty).
Then, if it happens—and it has happened more than once—that a Muslim encroaches upon one of these people, the consequence will be that he is killed, or perhaps more than that, or that he is imprisoned, or... So, there is no Islamic benefit to be gained from encroaching upon the blood of such a tourist in the Muslim country. Rather, it is contrary to the previously mentioned hadith: meaning regarding his treaty and his safety: to the end of the hadith. Yes.