Does one who insults Allah the Exalted and the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) leave the religion?

The questioner : There are people who insult the Divine Essence and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the religion. Do these people leave the religion of Islam, and what is the action that should be taken?

The Shaykh : As for whether one who insults the Divine Essence leaves the religion of Islam, this is without doubt something that does not need a question, let alone an answer, because it is the disbelief that is the root of disbelief. However, what can be said on such an occasion is that one from whom a word of disbelief issues is in one of two states: either he means what he says, or he does not know what he is saying. In the first case, the answer is as previously stated: he is a disbeliever who has apostatized from his religion. If there is a Muslim ruler who rules by what Allah has revealed, then the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him) applies to him: If a Muslim testifies that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, but like the Qadiyyah who denied that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Seal of the Prophets, this person is killed because he denied something known from the religion by necessity. What can be said about one who insults the Divine Essence? What can be said about one who insults the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? And so on. There is no doubt that this person is considered an apostate and is killed for apostasy. This is in the first case, if he means what he says. As for if he does not mean what he says, then here some detail is necessary:
Either he is a non-Arab who says an Arabic word without understanding its meaning, which is a word of disbelief, or he is an Arab who has become unfamiliar with the language, has forgotten Arabic, and no longer understands, so he speaks a word of disbelief without realizing that it is a word of disbelief. This is an example in some of the previous words. You heard the saying of the Messenger (peace be upon him): How often do we hear Muslims swearing by other than Allah? How? Because they are unaware that swearing by other than Allah is disbelief. Is this person judged to be a disbeliever? This falls under the previous detail: if he means it, he is a disbeliever; if he does not mean it, then here comes the explanation. It is necessary to remind this person that the speech he is uttering is disbelief, so he must repent from it, or else his head will be cut off. It is narrated in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad with a sound chain from Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a sermon to his Companions one day, and a man stood up and said to him, "What Allah wills and what you will, O Messenger of Allah." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Have you made me equal to Allah, meaning a partner? Do you see this Companion who sat in the gathering of his Prophet, had believed in him, and whom Allah saved through him from shirk to tawhid? When the Messenger (peace be upon him) said to him: a partner, do you see? Did he intend to make the Messenger of Allah a partner alongside Allah? The answer is no. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was content with reminding this man that the word he had spoken was a word of disbelief, but I know that you do not mean what you intend. Therefore, he was content with reminding him and did not apply the ruling of the apostate from his religion, because he was not intending what he was saying.
So, whoever utters a word of disbelief while knowing what he says is an apostate, and his ruling is execution. And whoever does not know, for the reason that he did not know the precision of the meaning contained in his speech, as in the hadith of Ibn Abbas, or who said a word of disbelief while knowing what he says but said it under compulsion, this is another case, and he is not considered a disbeliever. And in this, the saying of Allah the Exalted was revealed: As it came in the books of tafsir, even if there is some weakness in the chain, the meaning of the verse is very clear, and this narration clarifies this meaning or adds to its explanation and clarification. When the polytheists took Bilal and 'Ammar ibn Yasir and tortured them with severe torture, as for Bilal, that patient man who was under severe torture, they demanded that he associate partners with Allah, but all he would say was: "Ahad, Ahad" (One, One), while they were torturing him with the most severe torture. As for 'Ammar ibn Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him), he did not have patience, so when they gauged his pulse and saw that his patience had run out, they offered him to insult the Messenger and curse him, as they were cursing him, so that they would release him. He agreed with them and said about the Messenger that he was a sorcerer, a poet, and a liar. So they released him, but he quickly realized his mistake and came to the Messenger (peace be upon him) and told him what he had done. This is from the strength of his faith. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: He said: I find it settled in my heart with faith. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If they return to torturing you and you find no escape from the torture except to insult me, and your heart is filled with faith, then take this means as long as you remain in your faith. So, a word of disbelief is not judged by the speaker except with this detail, which is necessary. Yes.