Ruling on the prayer of one whose 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) is exposed unintentionally
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Q235: The questioner asks: What is the ruling for one who prayed while part of his 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) was exposed, and he did not realize it until after the prayer was finished? Is his prayer valid, and does he have to make it up? Please advise us, and may Allah reward you.
A235: There is no doubt that covering the 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) is a condition for the prayer. Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: The scholars agreed that the prayer of one who prays naked while he is able to wear clothes is defective. He said: Covering the 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) is among the conditions for the validity of the prayer if it is possible. What was mentioned in the question is that the one praying had part of his 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) exposed during the prayer, and he did not know until he had finished, and those present pointed it out to him. This requires a detailed explanation: If what was exposed was a large amount, he must repeat the prayer. However, if it was a small amount and he did not know about it, his prayer is valid, if Allah wills. This is based on the fact that 'Amr ibn Salimah (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) used to lead his companions in prayer while he was young in age, and when he prostrated, part of his 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) would be exposed, and the women behind the rows would see it, yet he did not repeat the prayer. This occurred during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), which indicates that if a small amount of the 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) is exposed unintentionally,
his prayer is valid. However, if he did it intentionally and knew about it but did not cover it, his prayer is invalid, even if it was a small amount. Likewise, if he did not do it intentionally, but this exposure was large, he must repeat his prayer because the condition is not present.
A235: There is no doubt that covering the 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) is a condition for the prayer. Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: The scholars agreed that the prayer of one who prays naked while he is able to wear clothes is defective. He said: Covering the 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) is among the conditions for the validity of the prayer if it is possible. What was mentioned in the question is that the one praying had part of his 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) exposed during the prayer, and he did not know until he had finished, and those present pointed it out to him. This requires a detailed explanation: If what was exposed was a large amount, he must repeat the prayer. However, if it was a small amount and he did not know about it, his prayer is valid, if Allah wills. This is based on the fact that 'Amr ibn Salimah (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) used to lead his companions in prayer while he was young in age, and when he prostrated, part of his 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) would be exposed, and the women behind the rows would see it, yet he did not repeat the prayer. This occurred during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), which indicates that if a small amount of the 'awrah (part of the body that must be covered) is exposed unintentionally,
his prayer is valid. However, if he did it intentionally and knew about it but did not cover it, his prayer is invalid, even if it was a small amount. Likewise, if he did not do it intentionally, but this exposure was large, he must repeat his prayer because the condition is not present.
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.