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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Explanation of the Book of Prayer and Its Times-01a

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The reciter: Abdullah ibn Yusuf narrated to us, saying: Malik informed us from Salih ibn Kaysan from Urwah ibn al-Zubayr from Aishah, the Mother of the Believers, who said:
Allah enjoined the prayer when He enjoined it, it was two rak`at only (in every prayer) both when in residence or on journey. Then the prayers offered on journey remained the same, but (the rak`at of) the prayers for non-travelers were increased. فرض الله الصلاة حين فرضها ركعتين ركعتين في الحضر والسفر، فأقرت صلاة السفر، وزيد في صلاة الحضر
Sahih al-Bukhari 350
.

The Shaykh : The apparent meaning of this hadith is that the prayer of travel being two rak'ahs was based on the original ruling, and not a shortening of it. However, in the Qur'an it says:
(234) And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - they, [the wives, shall] wait four months and ten [days]. And when they have fulfilled their term, then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable manner. And Allah is [fully] Acquainted with what you do. (235) There is no blame upon you for that to which you [indirectly] allude concerning a proposal to women or for what you conceal within yourselves. Allah knows that you will have them in mind. But do not promise them secretly except for saying a proper saying. And do not determine to undertake a marriage contract until the decreed period reaches its end. And know that Allah knows what is within yourselves, so beware of Him. And know that Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing. فلا جناح عليكم أن تقصروا من الصلاة
[Al-Baqarah 2:234-235]
This indicates that the original ruling for it is the greater number. But the apparent meaning is that this does not contradict the Qur'an, because of His saying, the Exalted:
And when you travel through the land وإذا ضربتم من الأرض
meaning you traveled
there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer فليس عليكم جناح أن تقصروا من الصلاة
[An-Nisa 4:101]
meaning the prayer of residence, which is four. Some scholars have used this hadith as evidence that shortening is obligatory. He said: Because if he increases beyond two while he is a traveler, he has increased beyond what is prescribed, and it would be like one who increases beyond four in residence. There is no doubt that this is a strong reasoning and a strong argument, were it not for one hadith, which is that the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) disapproved of the Commander of the Faithful, Uthman ibn Affan, completing the prayer in Mina, and they followed him in that. They did not consider their following him to invalidate their prayers. If the obligation for the traveler were to pray two rak'ahs, they would not have permitted themselves to exceed that by following the imam. The correct view is that, based on this hadith, shortening is not obligatory, but it is undoubtedly a confirmed sunnah. We can say that completing the prayer is disliked, due to the disapproval of the Companions. The disapproval of the Companions indicates that it is either disliked or forbidden, but their following of Uthman indicates that shortening is not obligatory. Yes, yes, O Salim.
Source alathar.net

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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