Chapter: And the saying of Allah the Exalted: “Allah commands you regarding your children: for the male, the share of two females. If there are only females, more than two, then for them is two-thirds of what he leaves behind. If there is only one, then for her is half. And for his parents, for each of them is one-sixth of what he leaves behind if he has children. If he has no children and his parents inherit from him, then for his mother is one-third. If he has brothers, then for his mother is one-sixth, after any bequest he may have made or any debt. Your parents and your children: you do not know which of them is nearer to you in benefit. This is an ordinance from Allah. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Wise. And for you is half of what your wives leave behind if they have no children. If they have children, then for you is one-quarter of what they leave behind, after any bequest they may have made or any debt. And for them is one-eighth of what you leave behind if you have no children. If you have children, then for them is one-eighth of what you leave behind, after any bequest you may have made or any debt. If a man or a woman has no parents or children but has a brother or a sister, then for each of them is one-sixth. If there are more than that, then they are sharers in one-third, after any bequest that may have been made or any debt, without harm. This is an ordinance from Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Forbearing.”
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The reciter: Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted: [An-Nisa 4:11-12]
The Shaykh : The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “The Book of Inheritance Shares”. Al-Fara'id is the plural of faridah, meaning that which is prescribed. It has multiple technical definitions:
Al-Fara'id in the context of legal obligation refers to what is commanded by way of compulsion, and it is synonymous with obligations.
Al-Fara'id in the book of charity refers to the fixed share to be paid out from wealth.
Al-Fara'id in the chapter of inheritance refers to the share fixed by the Shari'ah for the heir.
The share fixed by the Shari'ah for the heir is a faridah.
(11) Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate. And if there is only one, for her is half. And for one's parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had brothers [or sisters], for his mother is a sixth, after any bequest he [may have] made or debt. Your parents or your children - you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit. [These shares are] an obligation [imposed] by Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise. (12) And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a child, for you is one fourth of what they leave, after any bequest they [may have] made or debt. And for the wives is one fourth if you leave no child. But if you leave a child, then for them is an eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you [may have] made or debt. And if a man or woman leaves neither ascendants nor descendants but has a brother or a sister, then for each one of them is a sixth. But if they are more than two, they share a third, after any bequest which was made or debt, as long as there is no detriment [caused]. [This is] an ordinance from Allah, and Allah is Knowing and Forbearing.
يوصيكم الله في أولادكم للذكر مثل حظ الأنثيين فإن كن نساء فوق اثنتين فلهن ثلثا ماترك وإن كانت وحدة فلها النصف ولأبويه لكل واحد منهما السدس مما ترك إن كان له ولد فإن لم يكن له ولد وورثه أبواه فلأمه الثلث فإن كان له إخوة فلأمه السدس من بعد وصية يوصي بها أو دين ءابآؤكم وأبنآؤكم لاتدرون أيهم أقرب لكم نفعا فريضة من الله إن الله كان عليما حكيما * ولكم نصف ما ترك أزواجكم إن لم يكن لهن ولد فإن كان لهن ولد فلكم الربع مما تركن من بعد وصية يوصين بها أو دين ولهن الثمن مما تركتم إن لم يكن لكم ولد فإن كان لكم ولد فلهن الثمن مما تركتم من بعد وصية توصون بها أو دين وإن كان رجل يورث كلالة أو امرأة وله أخ أو أخت فلكل واحد منهما السدس فإن كانوا أكثر من ذلك فهم شركاء في الثلث من بعد وصية يوصى بها أو دين غير مضار وصية من الله والله عليم حليمThe Shaykh : The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “The Book of Inheritance Shares”. Al-Fara'id is the plural of faridah, meaning that which is prescribed. It has multiple technical definitions:
Al-Fara'id in the context of legal obligation refers to what is commanded by way of compulsion, and it is synonymous with obligations.
Al-Fara'id in the book of charity refers to the fixed share to be paid out from wealth.
Al-Fara'id in the chapter of inheritance refers to the share fixed by the Shari'ah for the heir.
The share fixed by the Shari'ah for the heir is a faridah.