Continuation of the explanation of the chapter: And the saying of Allah the Exalted: “Allah commands you regarding your children: for the male, the share of two females. If there are more than two females, then for them are two-thirds of what is left. If there is only one female, then for her is one-half. And for their parents, for each of them is one-sixth of what is left, if he had children. If he did not have children and his parents inherit from him, then for his mother is one-third. If he had brothers, then for his mother is one-sixth, after any bequest he may have made or any debt. Your parents and your children—you do not know which of them is nearer to you in benefit. This is an ordinance from Allah. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Wise. And for you is one-half of what your wives leave, if they have no children. If they have children, then for you is one-quarter of what they leave, after any bequest they may have made or any debt. And for them is one-eighth of what you leave, if you have no children. If you have children, then for them is one-eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you may have made or any debt. And if a man or a woman has no parents or children, leaving only a brother or a sister, then for each of them is one-sixth. If there are more than that, then they are sharers in one-third, after any bequest that may have been made or any debt, without harm. This is an ordinance from Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Forbearing.”

The Shaykh : ... meaning the man, and these are the siblings from the mother, by consensus. That is, if a person dies leaving siblings from the mother and his estate is kullalah, meaning he has no child and no parent, meaning he has no father or grandfather, and no son or daughter, and no grandson or granddaughter, then this is the one who inherits as kullalah. Kullalah is the one who is not inherited by a child or a parent. If he has siblings from the mother, for one it is one-sixth, and for two or more it is one-third. For this reason he said: .
It is derived from the noble verse that the sister and the brother from the mother are equal in inheritance; the brother is not preferred over the sister. This is unlike full siblings or siblings from the father, for whom the male has the share of two females. This is because the inheritance of siblings other than from the mother is by ta'abb, while the inheritance of siblings from the mother is by a fixed share. Therefore, their males and females are on the same level.
Now. If a deceased person leaves: a brother from the mother and an uncle, how much does the brother from the mother get? One-sixth.
If he leaves two brothers and an uncle? One-third.
If he leaves a brother from the mother, a sister from the mother, and an uncle? One-third.
If he leaves four siblings from the mother and an uncle? One-third.
Because Allah said: from two .
And in His saying: there is evidence that absolute partnership implies equality. So if I give a man and a woman something and say: “This is for you both; you are partners,” it is divided between them in halves.
He said: It has been mentioned previously that the debt takes precedence over the bequest, and the reason for mentioning the bequest before the debt in the verses has been explained previously.
He said: “Bequest” is a verbal noun whose agent has been omitted, meaning: “I bequeath to you a bequest from Allah.” Omitting the agent of the verbal noun is more eloquent than mentioning it.
And His saying: indicates that it is Allah who commanded us with this. By this, we know that Allah is more merciful to us than our relatives, just as He is more merciful to us than our fathers and mothers. In the first verse: , and here He says: .
meaning He who has knowledge and forbearance. And from His forbearance, Mighty and Majestic is He, is that He prescribed for each person what he deserves.
His saying: means that it is a condition for the bequest that it does not contain harm. If it contains harm, which is that which exceeds one-third, then it is prevented. If the deceased bequeaths more than one-third, only one-third is executed, and what exceeds it is not executed.
And in the verse, if only it had mentioned: , referring to the previous division of inheritance, which He specified.
So in these two verses there is evidence that it is never permissible to increase the heir beyond what Allah has prescribed for him.
And from this is derived the prohibition of bequeathing to an heir, because if he bequeaths to an heir, he would transgress the limits. And the Sunnah has explicitly stated this in the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): .