Exegesis of Surat al-Mutaffifin, from the phrase "Woe to the defrauders" to the saying of Allah the Exalted: "The Day the people stand up for the Lord of the worlds."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : As for what we were discussing in previous gatherings regarding the exegesis of the noble verses, we had stopped at Surat al-Mutaffifin. So let us speak briefly about what is possible from it. We say that Allah:
began this surah with the word "Wail" (Woe), and "Wail" is repeated often in the Qur'an. The most correct view is that it is a word of warning with which Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) threatens those who oppose His command or commit what He has forbidden, in the manner specified in the sentence that follows it, as is the case here.
He (Mighty and Majestic) says:. So who are these defrauders? These defrauders are explained by the verse that follows.
So He (Mighty and Majestic) said:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:2-3]. "When they measure for people" means when they buy from them what is measured, they take the full right from them without any reduction. "And when they weigh for them or measure for them" means when they measure for them, if they are the ones selling food by measure, or if they sell them something by weight, when they weigh for people, they reduce it; they cause them to lose.
So these people, may Allah protect us from them, take their full right and reduce the right of others. Thus they combine both: stinginess and miserliness. Stinginess in demanding their full right without consideration or leniency.
And miserliness in withholding what is obligatory upon them, which is completing the measure and weight. This example that Allah (Mighty and Majestic) mentioned regarding measure and weight is, in reality, an example by which everything similar to it is judged. Whoever demands his full right from those who owe it to him and withholds the right that is upon him, he falls under this noble verse.
For example, a husband wants his wife to give him his full right and does not compromise on any part of his right, but when it comes to fulfilling her right, he compromises and does not give her what is hers.
And how often women complain about this type of husband, may Allah protect us from them, because many husbands want their wives to fulfill his full right, but he does not give her her full right. Perhaps he reduces more of her right in terms of financial maintenance, good treatment, and other things.
And it is strange, my brothers, that this happens to many people who appear to be committed to religion, to the extent that some women say, "I did not choose to accept this husband except for his good reputation and commitment," only to find that he turns out to be in a worse state regarding his wife than the people of open sinfulness.
So I do not know about these people who appear to be committed; do they think that commitment means that a person only worships Allah and neglects the rights of people? Oppressing people is more severe than a person oppressing himself in the right of Allah, because a person's oppression of himself in the right of Allah is subject to Allah's will, if it is less than shirk (associating partners with Allah), then if Allah wills, He forgives him, and if He wills, He punishes him for it. But the rights of human beings are not subject to the will; they must be fulfilled.
Therefore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:. They said, "Who is the one who has no dirham or dinar, or they said, 'or no goods'." He said: Many .
So my advice to these brothers who neglect the rights of their wives, whether they are among the committed or not, is to fear Allah (Mighty and Majestic). For the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) advised this in the greatest gathering the Islamic world witnessed in the life of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), on the Day of 'Arafah during the Farewell Pilgrimage. He said:Sahih Muslim 1218a.
So He commanded us to fear Allah (the Exalted) regarding women, and He said:, meaning in the status of captives, because a captive, if he wills, releases the one who captured him, and if he wills, keeps him.
The woman is with her husband in the same way; if he wills, he divorces her, and if he wills, he keeps her. So she is in the status of a captive with him, so let him fear Allah regarding her. Also, we find that some people want their children to fulfill their right completely, but they are negligent in the rights of their children. They want their children to be dutiful to them and fulfill their right, to be dutiful to them in wealth, in the body, and in everything that constitutes dutifulness, but he is neglecting these children and not doing what is obligatory upon him toward them.
We say: This is a defrauder, just as we say in the first issue, the issue of the husband with his wife, that if he wants her to fulfill his full right while he shortchanges her right, we say he is a defrauder. This father who wants his children to be fully dutiful to him while he is short in their rights, we say you are a defrauder, and we say to him: Remember the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:1-3].
Then He (Mighty and Majestic) said:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:4-5], meaning: Do not these people become certain and know with certainty? Because "zann" (supposition) here means certainty, and "zann" means certainty.
It is used often in the Qur'an to mean certainty, such as His saying (Mighty and Majestic):[Al-Baqarah 2:46]. So those who suppose that they will meet their Lord are those who are certain that they will meet Allah.
But "zann" is used to mean certainty often in the Arabic language. And here He (Mighty and Majestic) says:. Do not these people become certain that they will be sent forth, meaning brought out from their graves to Allah, the Lord of the worlds? Is this day not great? And there is no doubt that it is great, as He (Mighty and Majestic) said: [Al-Hajj 22:1]. It is great in its length, in its terrors, in what happens in it, in every meaning the word "great" carries. But this greatness is difficult for some people and easy for others.
He (Mighty and Majestic) said:[Al-Muddaththir 74:10]. And He (Mighty and Majestic) said: . But for the believers, may Allah make me and you among them, it is easy, as if they are performing an obligatory prayer, due to its ease for them and its simplicity for them, especially if they are among those who have earned this great protection and are among those whom Allah shades in His shade on the Day when there is no shade except His. The important thing is that this is a great day.
But for people, it will be easy and it will be difficult.[Al-Mutaffifin 83:6] means this great day is the Day the people stand up for the Lord of the worlds. They stand up from their graves barefoot, having no sandals or shoes, naked, having no clothes, no shirts, no trousers, no coats, and no robes. Barefoot, naked, and uncircumcised, meaning that the foreskin that is cut in circumcision returns on the Day of Resurrection with its owner.
As Allah (Mighty and Majestic) said:[Al-Anbya 21:104]. And Allah (Mighty and Majestic) returns it to demonstrate the perfection of His power (the Exalted), and that He returns creation as He began it. The foreskin was only cut in this world for the sake of cleanliness from filth, because if it remained, something of urine would be trapped in it and it would be exposed to contamination. But in the Hereafter, there is no need for it, because the Hereafter is not a dwelling of obligation but a dwelling of recompense, except that Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) may impose obligations in it as a test, as He (Mighty and Majestic) said: [Al-Qalam 68:42-43].
The important thing is that people will be in this state: barefoot, naked, and uncircumcised. In some hadiths, it is mentioned "with them." The scholars said "al-bahm": meaning those who have no wealth with them. So on the Day of Resurrection, there is no wealth by which a person can ransom himself from the punishment. On the Day of Resurrection, there is no son who can compensate for his father anything, nor a father who can compensate for his son anything, nor a companion, nor a tribe. Everyone says, "Myself, myself."['Abasa 80:37] We ask Allah (the Exalted) to help us and you with its terrors and to make it easy for us.
He (Mighty and Majestic) said:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:6]. And He is Allah (Exalted and Majestic is He). And on this day, all dominions vanish except the dominion of the Lord of the worlds (Exalted and Majestic is He). Allah (Mighty and Majestic) said: [Ghafir 40:16-17].
And with this, our speech on these noble verses from Surat al-Mutaffifin ends. We now move to the question period, and each person has one question until the session ends, then it is repeated once more. Yes.
began this surah with the word "Wail" (Woe), and "Wail" is repeated often in the Qur'an. The most correct view is that it is a word of warning with which Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) threatens those who oppose His command or commit what He has forbidden, in the manner specified in the sentence that follows it, as is the case here.
He (Mighty and Majestic) says:
Woe to the cheaters
ويل للمطففينSo He (Mighty and Majestic) said:
(2) Who, when they take a measure from people, take in full. (3) But if they give by measure or by weight to them, they cause loss.
الذين إذا اكتالوا على الناس يستوفون وإذا كالوهم أو وزنوهم يخسرونSo these people, may Allah protect us from them, take their full right and reduce the right of others. Thus they combine both: stinginess and miserliness. Stinginess in demanding their full right without consideration or leniency.
And miserliness in withholding what is obligatory upon them, which is completing the measure and weight. This example that Allah (Mighty and Majestic) mentioned regarding measure and weight is, in reality, an example by which everything similar to it is judged. Whoever demands his full right from those who owe it to him and withholds the right that is upon him, he falls under this noble verse.
For example, a husband wants his wife to give him his full right and does not compromise on any part of his right, but when it comes to fulfilling her right, he compromises and does not give her what is hers.
And how often women complain about this type of husband, may Allah protect us from them, because many husbands want their wives to fulfill his full right, but he does not give her her full right. Perhaps he reduces more of her right in terms of financial maintenance, good treatment, and other things.
And it is strange, my brothers, that this happens to many people who appear to be committed to religion, to the extent that some women say, "I did not choose to accept this husband except for his good reputation and commitment," only to find that he turns out to be in a worse state regarding his wife than the people of open sinfulness.
So I do not know about these people who appear to be committed; do they think that commitment means that a person only worships Allah and neglects the rights of people? Oppressing people is more severe than a person oppressing himself in the right of Allah, because a person's oppression of himself in the right of Allah is subject to Allah's will, if it is less than shirk (associating partners with Allah), then if Allah wills, He forgives him, and if He wills, He punishes him for it. But the rights of human beings are not subject to the will; they must be fulfilled.
Therefore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Who do you consider to be the bankrupt among you?
من تعدون المفلس فيكم ؟No, the bankrupt is the one who comes on the Day of Resurrection with good deeds like mountains.
لا ، المفلس من يأتي يوم القيامة بحسنات أمثال الجبالHe will come having wronged this one, insulted that one, struck this one, and taken the wealth of that one. So this one will be taken from his good deeds, and that one from his good deeds, and this one from his good deeds, and that one from his good deeds. If anything remains of his good deeds, [it will be left]; otherwise, their bad deeds will be taken and placed upon him, and then he will be thrown into the Fire.
فيأتي وقد ظلم هذا وشتم هذا وضرب هذا وأخذ مال هذا فيأخذ هذا من حسناته وهذا من حسناته وهذا من حسناته وهذا من حسناته فإن بقي من حسناته شيء وإلا أخذ من سيئاتهم فطرح عليه ثم طرح في النارSo my advice to these brothers who neglect the rights of their wives, whether they are among the committed or not, is to fear Allah (Mighty and Majestic). For the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) advised this in the greatest gathering the Islamic world witnessed in the life of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), on the Day of 'Arafah during the Farewell Pilgrimage. He said:
Fear Allah concerning women! Verily you have taken them on the security of Allah, and intercourse with them has been made lawful unto you by words of Allah.
اتقوا الله في النساء فإنكم أخذتموهن بأمان الله واستحللتم فروجهن بكلمة اللهSo He commanded us to fear Allah (the Exalted) regarding women, and He said:
Fear Allah regarding women, for they are captives among you
اتقوا الله في النساء فإنهن عوان عندكمThe woman is with her husband in the same way; if he wills, he divorces her, and if he wills, he keeps her. So she is in the status of a captive with him, so let him fear Allah regarding her. Also, we find that some people want their children to fulfill their right completely, but they are negligent in the rights of their children. They want their children to be dutiful to them and fulfill their right, to be dutiful to them in wealth, in the body, and in everything that constitutes dutifulness, but he is neglecting these children and not doing what is obligatory upon him toward them.
We say: This is a defrauder, just as we say in the first issue, the issue of the husband with his wife, that if he wants her to fulfill his full right while he shortchanges her right, we say he is a defrauder. This father who wants his children to be fully dutiful to him while he is short in their rights, we say you are a defrauder, and we say to him: Remember the saying of Allah the Exalted:
(1) Woe to those who give less [than due], (2) Who, when they take a measure from people, take in full. (3) But if they give by measure or by weight to them, they cause loss.
ويل للمطففين الذين إذا اكتالوا على الناس يستوفون وإذا كالوهم أو وزنوهم يخسرونThen He (Mighty and Majestic) said:
(4) Do they not think that they will be resurrected (5) For a tremendous Day -
ألا يظن أولئك أنهم مبعوثون ليوم عظيمIt is used often in the Qur'an to mean certainty, such as His saying (Mighty and Majestic):
Who are certain that they will meet their Lord and that they will return to Him.
الذين يظنون أنهم ملاقوا ربهم وأنهم إليه راجعونBut "zann" is used to mean certainty often in the Arabic language. And here He (Mighty and Majestic) says:
Do not those people think that they will be resurrected?
ألا يظن أولئك أنهم مبعوثونfor a Great Day.
ليوم عظيمIndeed, the convulsion of the [final] Hour is a terrible thing.
إن زلزلة الساعة شيء عظيمHe (Mighty and Majestic) said:
For the disbelievers - not easy.
على الكافرين غير يسيرThe disbelievers say, "This is a day of hardship."
يقول الكافرون هذا يوم عسرBut for people, it will be easy and it will be difficult.
The Day when mankind will stand before the Lord of the worlds?
يوم يقوم الناس لرب العالمينAs Allah (Mighty and Majestic) said:
As We began the first creation, We will repeat it
كما بدأنا أول خلق نعيده(42) The Day the shin will be uncovered and they are invited to prostration but the disbelievers will not be able, (43) Their eyes humbled, humiliation will cover them. And they used to be invited to prostration while they were sound.
يوم يكشف عن ساق ويدعون إلى السجود فلا يستطيعون خاشعة أبصارهم ترهقهم ذلة وقد كانوا يدعون إلى السجود وهم سالمونThe important thing is that people will be in this state: barefoot, naked, and uncircumcised. In some hadiths, it is mentioned "with them." The scholars said "al-bahm": meaning those who have no wealth with them. So on the Day of Resurrection, there is no wealth by which a person can ransom himself from the punishment. On the Day of Resurrection, there is no son who can compensate for his father anything, nor a father who can compensate for his son anything, nor a companion, nor a tribe. Everyone says, "Myself, myself."
For every man, that Day, will be a matter adequate for him.
لكل امرئ منهم يومئذ شأن يغنيهHe (Mighty and Majestic) said:
The Day when mankind will stand before the Lord of the worlds?
يوم يقوم الناس لرب العالمين(16) The Day they come forth nothing concerning them will be concealed from Allah. To whom belongs [all] sovereignty this Day? To Allah, the One, the Prevailing. (17) This Day every soul will be recompensed for what it earned. No injustice today! Indeed, Allah is swift in account.
يوم هم بارزون لا يخفى الله منهم شيء لمن الملك اليوم لله الواحد القهار اليوم تجزى كل نفس بما كسبت لا ظلم اليوم إن الله سريع الحسابAnd with this, our speech on these noble verses from Surat al-Mutaffifin ends. We now move to the question period, and each person has one question until the session ends, then it is repeated once more. Yes.