Continuation of the commentary on al-Jalalayn’s tafsir: “(The Possessor of Majesty)” meaning the vast bestowal

“

Forgiver of sins

غافر الذنب

for the believers

and Acceptor of repentance

وقابل التوب

for them

severe in punishment

شديد العقاب

for the disbelievers” His statement: Al-Ghafur is the covering along with protection, and from this comes al-mighfar, which is what is placed on the head in war to avoid arrows, and as you see, the mighfar is a cover, so it combines covering and protection. Al-Dhanb is disobedience; it is said, “The man committed a sin” when he disobeys. The meaning of “Forgiver of sins” is the One who covers them and overlooks them. The author’s statement: “for the believers” is clearly questionable, because the forgiveness of sins includes both believers and non-believers. Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: So He is the Forgiver of sins for everyone who repents to Allah and seeks forgiveness. Its counterpart means that whoever repents to Allah, Allah accepts his repentance. Al-Tawb means returning to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, from His disobedience to His obedience. The author said: “for them” For whom? For the believers. This is also not correct, because repentance is accepted from both believers and disbelievers. Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said regarding the polytheists: And He said, Exalted is He: [Al-Nisa: 18] He said: So if they had repented before that, it would have been accepted. It is thus clear that what the author, may Allah have mercy on him, held regarding restricting this to the believers is considered a deficiency. All right.
He said: “Source” Which one is the counterpart, or al-Tawb? Qabil is a noun of the active participle, so the source is al-Tawb. Yes.
“

severe in punishment

شديد العقاب

for the disbelievers” The author, may Allah have mercy on him, seems to have restricted Al-Ghafur and Al-Qabil to the believers because of his statement: because the severity of the punishment is only for the disbelievers. However, there is a consideration here, because the intended point here is to mention the attribute of Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, that He combined between mercy and justice, between mercy in being the Forgiver of sins and the Acceptor of repentance, and justice in being severe in punishment. Because the severity of punishment from Allah, Mighty and Majestic, for those who deserve it is justice, since Allah informed us and made it clear to us that whoever does such-and-such will be punished with severe punishment. So if a person does what he was threatened with severe punishment for, then he is the one who chose this for himself, and Allah’s treatment of him with it is justice.
And his statement: “meaning severe” Pay attention to this interpretation: “meaning severe.” Why did he deviate from the apparent meaning of the verse, which indicates that He Himself is severe in punishment? Yes, because the Asha'irah deny the attributes, and the intensification is an action distinct from Allah, Mighty and Majestic. So let us look now at the author’s words: “Tawban” means “Mushaddid.” We are entitled to ask: Does the form Fa'il come with the meaning of Maf'il? The answer is yes, Fa'il comes with the meaning of Maf'il, like the poet’s saying: “Is it the fragrant flower of the hearing caller that keeps me awake, while my companions are sleeping?”
Al-Sami' here means the one who is made to hear, the caller whose voice is heard. It keeps me awake so I do not sleep, while my companions are sleeping. So in terms of wording, there is no objection to the author, meaning in terms of making Fa'il mean Maf'il, there is no objection to him, because that occurs in the Arabic language. But in terms of meaning, there is a consideration, because the apparent meaning of his statement: is that He Himself has severe punishment, and that is the case. If the punishment is severe, it follows that the pain of the one punished is also severe. Al-'iqab is derived from al-mu'aqabah, which is recompense. It is called 'iqab because it follows the deed, but it is usually mentioned in what is unpleasant, not in what is pleasant.