Reading from the author's text with commentary and collation of manuscripts
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The reader: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings and bestow grace upon His servant and Messenger, our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
As for what follows: Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said in *Iqtida' al-Sirat al-Mustaqim* "As for addressing people in it without necessity, in the names of people and months, such as dates and the like, it is prohibited, without doubt, when accompanied by ignorance of the meaning. As for when accompanied by knowledge of it, Ahmad's statement is clear in its dislike as well, for he disliked 'Azar-mah' and the like, and its meaning is not forbidden. And I think he was asked about supplication in prayer in Persian, so he disliked it and said: 'A bad tongue!' He also adopted the hadith of 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in which there is a prohibition of their babbling and of attending their festivals. This is also the statement of Malik; for he said: 'It is not forbidden in non-Arabic, nor does one supplicate in it, nor swear by it.' And he said: 'Umar prohibited the babbling of non-Arabs and said: "It is bad." So he argued with 'Umar's prohibition of babbling in general. And al-Shafi'i said, in what al-Sulfi narrated with a known chain to Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Hakam: "
The Shaykh : Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam
The reader: Yes " to Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, that he said: 'I heard Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i say: "
The Shaykh : Idris
The reader: "I heard Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i say: 'Allah named those who seek His bounty in buying and selling as merchants, and the Arabs have not ceased to call them merchants. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) named them with what Allah named them from trade in the Arabic tongue. Al-Samasirah is a name from the names of non-Arabs, so we do not like for a man who knows Arabic to name a merchant anything other than a merchant, nor to speak in Arabic and name a thing with a non-Arabic name. That is because the tongue that Allah (Mighty and Majestic) chose is the Arabic tongue, by which He sent down His noble Book, and He made it the tongue of the Seal of His Prophets, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). For this reason, we say: It is recommended for everyone who is able to learn Arabic to learn it, because it is the tongue most worthy of being desired, without it being forbidden for anyone to speak in a non-Arabic tongue. So al-Shafi'i disliked for one who knows Arabic to name things with other than it, and to speak in it mixing it with non-Arabic. And this is what the Imams said, transmitted from the Companions and the Successors. And we have previously mentioned what was stated from 'Umar and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). And Abu Bakr
The Shaykh : Be patient a moment, yes
The reader: "So al-Shafi'i disliked for one who knows Arabic to name things with other than it, and to speak in it mixing it with non-Arabic. And this is what the Imams said, transmitted from the Companions and the Successors. And we have previously mentioned what was stated from 'Umar and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). And Abu Bakr
The Shaykh : What we mentioned
The reader: Correction.
The student: ... and the verification, O Shaykh
The Shaykh : Ah?
The reader: Correction.
The Shaykh : No, the apparent is verification
The reader: "And Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated in the Musannaf, saying: 'Hisham ibn Sa'id narrated to us, from Abu Hilaal, from Ibn Buraydah, that he said: 'Umar said: "A man does not speak Persian except that it is bad"
The Shaykh : I have what you learned
The student: Learned
The Shaykh : Learn, make it a copy
The reader: "A man does not speak Persian except that it is bad, and a man does not become bad except that his manliness is diminished,
And he said: 'Hisham ibn Sa'id narrated to us, from Thawr, from 'Ata, that he said: "Do not learn the babbling of non-Arabs, and do not enter their churches, for anger descends upon them." And this is what we narrated previously from 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)
And he said: 'Isma'il ibn 'Ulayyah narrated to us, from Dawud ibn Abi Hind, that Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sirin, that Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas heard a group speaking in Persian and said: "What is the matter with Zoroastrianism after the pure faith?
And al-Sulfi narrated from the hadith of Sa'id ibn al-'Ala al-Barzi, saying: 'Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Balkhi narrated to us, saying: "
The Shaykh : al-Balkhi
The reader: Listen
The Shaykh : al-Balkhi
The reader: "al-Balkhi, saying: 'Umar ibn Harun al-Balkhi narrated to us, Usamah ibn Zayd narrated, from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said And he also narrated it with a known chain to Abu Sahl
The Shaykh : With another known chain, yes
The reader: "And he also narrated it with another known chain to Abu Sahl Mahmud ibn 'Umar al-'Akbari, saying: 'Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Muqri narrated to us, Ahmad ibn al-Khalil
The Shaykh : al-Muqri
The reader: "Saying: 'Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Muqri narrated to us, Ahmad ibn al-Khalil in Balkh, saying: 'Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Hariri narrated to us, 'Umar ibn Harun
The Shaykh : 'Amr with a waw
The student: The waw is with me
The Shaykh : He pointed to it
The reader: He did not point
The Shaykh : 'Amr
The reader: "He said: Amr ibn Harun narrated to us from Usamah ibn Zayd from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said..."
The Shaykh : from me from Ibn 'Umar from 'Umar
The student: He referred to 'Umar
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: 'Umar ibn Harun ...
The Shaykh : from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar from 'Umar
The student: ...
The Shaykh : how
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Harun
The reader: Here it says, as mentioned previously, "Amr ibn Harun al-Balkhi said: 'He is 'Umar ibn Harun ibn Yazid al-Thaqafi, by clientage, al-Balkhi. He is one of the preservers with many narrations, but his hadith is abandoned. See al-Taqrib.' And... but he identified him as 'Umar
The Shaykh : Glory be to Allah, the discrepancy in the manuscripts: al-Shafi'i from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar from 'Umar, in your copy it is from 'Umar
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Now, the first wording, in the first context, is from Ibn 'Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said
The reader: I do not have it from 'Umar
The Shaykh : Perhaps if we put it in brackets
The reader: "Amr ibn Harun narrated to us from Usamah ibn Zayd from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said And this statement resembles the statement of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. As for its attribution to the Prophet, it is a point of clarification. It is reported from a group of them that they used to speak a word after a word from the non-Arabic languages. Abu Khaladah said: Abu al-'Aliyah spoke to me in Persian. And Mandhir al-Thawri said: A man asked Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah about cheese, so he said: 'O girl, go with this dirham and buy...'"
The Shaykh : Be patient, be patient. Yes.
The reader: "So he said: 'O girl, go with this dirham and buy with it a cup of wine.' So she bought with it a cup of wine, then she brought it, meaning the cheese."
The Shaykh : Meaning what?
The reader: Meaning the cheese
The Shaykh : The cheese, yes, here at the beginning it is about the cheese
The reader: In the printed edition, it means bread, and the correct one is what I established
The Shaykh : Ah?
The reader: It says in the printed edition, it means bread, and the correct one is what I established from the manuscripts ... the handwritten ones
The Shaykh : This is what I have in the handwritten manuscript: about the cheese. So he said: Buy with it a cup of wine, then she brought it, meaning the cheese. Yes
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings and bestow grace upon His servant and Messenger, our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
As for what follows: Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said in *Iqtida' al-Sirat al-Mustaqim* "As for addressing people in it without necessity, in the names of people and months, such as dates and the like, it is prohibited, without doubt, when accompanied by ignorance of the meaning. As for when accompanied by knowledge of it, Ahmad's statement is clear in its dislike as well, for he disliked 'Azar-mah' and the like, and its meaning is not forbidden. And I think he was asked about supplication in prayer in Persian, so he disliked it and said: 'A bad tongue!' He also adopted the hadith of 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in which there is a prohibition of their babbling and of attending their festivals. This is also the statement of Malik; for he said: 'It is not forbidden in non-Arabic, nor does one supplicate in it, nor swear by it.' And he said: 'Umar prohibited the babbling of non-Arabs and said: "It is bad." So he argued with 'Umar's prohibition of babbling in general. And al-Shafi'i said, in what al-Sulfi narrated with a known chain to Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Hakam: "
The Shaykh : Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam
The reader: Yes " to Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, that he said: 'I heard Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i say: "
The Shaykh : Idris
The reader: "I heard Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i say: 'Allah named those who seek His bounty in buying and selling as merchants, and the Arabs have not ceased to call them merchants. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) named them with what Allah named them from trade in the Arabic tongue. Al-Samasirah is a name from the names of non-Arabs, so we do not like for a man who knows Arabic to name a merchant anything other than a merchant, nor to speak in Arabic and name a thing with a non-Arabic name. That is because the tongue that Allah (Mighty and Majestic) chose is the Arabic tongue, by which He sent down His noble Book, and He made it the tongue of the Seal of His Prophets, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). For this reason, we say: It is recommended for everyone who is able to learn Arabic to learn it, because it is the tongue most worthy of being desired, without it being forbidden for anyone to speak in a non-Arabic tongue. So al-Shafi'i disliked for one who knows Arabic to name things with other than it, and to speak in it mixing it with non-Arabic. And this is what the Imams said, transmitted from the Companions and the Successors. And we have previously mentioned what was stated from 'Umar and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). And Abu Bakr
The Shaykh : Be patient a moment, yes
The reader: "So al-Shafi'i disliked for one who knows Arabic to name things with other than it, and to speak in it mixing it with non-Arabic. And this is what the Imams said, transmitted from the Companions and the Successors. And we have previously mentioned what was stated from 'Umar and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). And Abu Bakr
The Shaykh : What we mentioned
The reader: Correction.
The student: ... and the verification, O Shaykh
The Shaykh : Ah?
The reader: Correction.
The Shaykh : No, the apparent is verification
The reader: "And Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated in the Musannaf, saying: 'Hisham ibn Sa'id narrated to us, from Abu Hilaal, from Ibn Buraydah, that he said: 'Umar said: "A man does not speak Persian except that it is bad"
The Shaykh : I have what you learned
The student: Learned
The Shaykh : Learn, make it a copy
The reader: "A man does not speak Persian except that it is bad, and a man does not become bad except that his manliness is diminished,
And he said: 'Hisham ibn Sa'id narrated to us, from Thawr, from 'Ata, that he said: "Do not learn the babbling of non-Arabs, and do not enter their churches, for anger descends upon them." And this is what we narrated previously from 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)
And he said: 'Isma'il ibn 'Ulayyah narrated to us, from Dawud ibn Abi Hind, that Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sirin, that Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas heard a group speaking in Persian and said: "What is the matter with Zoroastrianism after the pure faith?
And al-Sulfi narrated from the hadith of Sa'id ibn al-'Ala al-Barzi, saying: 'Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Balkhi narrated to us, saying: "
The Shaykh : al-Balkhi
The reader: Listen
The Shaykh : al-Balkhi
The reader: "al-Balkhi, saying: 'Umar ibn Harun al-Balkhi narrated to us, Usamah ibn Zayd narrated, from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said
Whoever is able to speak in Arabic, let him not speak in the non-Arabic languages, for it breeds hypocrisy
من يحسن أن يتكلم بالعربية فلا يتكلم بالعجمية فإنه يورث النفاقThe Shaykh : With another known chain, yes
The reader: "And he also narrated it with another known chain to Abu Sahl Mahmud ibn 'Umar al-'Akbari, saying: 'Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Muqri narrated to us, Ahmad ibn al-Khalil
The Shaykh : al-Muqri
The reader: "Saying: 'Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Muqri narrated to us, Ahmad ibn al-Khalil in Balkh, saying: 'Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Hariri narrated to us, 'Umar ibn Harun
The Shaykh : 'Amr with a waw
The student: The waw is with me
The Shaykh : He pointed to it
The reader: He did not point
The Shaykh : 'Amr
The reader: "He said: Amr ibn Harun narrated to us from Usamah ibn Zayd from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said..."
The Shaykh : from me from Ibn 'Umar from 'Umar
The student: He referred to 'Umar
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: 'Umar ibn Harun ...
The Shaykh : from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar from 'Umar
The student: ...
The Shaykh : how
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Harun
The reader: Here it says, as mentioned previously, "Amr ibn Harun al-Balkhi said: 'He is 'Umar ibn Harun ibn Yazid al-Thaqafi, by clientage, al-Balkhi. He is one of the preservers with many narrations, but his hadith is abandoned. See al-Taqrib.' And... but he identified him as 'Umar
The Shaykh : Glory be to Allah, the discrepancy in the manuscripts: al-Shafi'i from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar from 'Umar, in your copy it is from 'Umar
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Now, the first wording, in the first context, is from Ibn 'Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said
The reader: I do not have it from 'Umar
The Shaykh : Perhaps if we put it in brackets
The reader: "Amr ibn Harun narrated to us from Usamah ibn Zayd from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said
Whoever is able to speak in Arabic, let him not speak in Persian, for it breeds hypocrisy
من كان يحسن أن يتكلم بالعربية فلا يتكلم بالفارسية فإنه يورث النفاقThe Shaykh : Be patient, be patient. Yes.
The reader: "So he said: 'O girl, go with this dirham and buy with it a cup of wine.' So she bought with it a cup of wine, then she brought it, meaning the cheese."
The Shaykh : Meaning what?
The reader: Meaning the cheese
The Shaykh : The cheese, yes, here at the beginning it is about the cheese
The reader: In the printed edition, it means bread, and the correct one is what I established
The Shaykh : Ah?
The reader: It says in the printed edition, it means bread, and the correct one is what I established from the manuscripts ... the handwritten ones
The Shaykh : This is what I have in the handwritten manuscript: about the cheese. So he said: Buy with it a cup of wine, then she brought it, meaning the cheese. Yes