The Ruling on Fasting for a Woman in Menstruation or Post-Natal Bleeding

Question: What is the ruling on fasting for a woman who is menstruating or experiencing post-natal bleeding? And if they delay making up the fasts until another Ramadan, what is required of them?

Answer: A menstruating woman and a woman experiencing post-natal bleeding must break their fast during menstruation and post-natal bleeding. It is not permissible for them to fast or pray during menstruation and post-natal bleeding, and neither is valid from them. They must make up the fasts, but not the prayers, based on what is established from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she was asked: “Does a menstruating woman make up the fast and the prayer?” She said: It is agreed upon that it is authentic.
The scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) have reached consensus on what Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned regarding the obligation to make up the fast and the non-obligation to make up the prayer for a menstruating woman or a woman experiencing post-natal bleeding. This is a mercy from Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) for them and a facilitation for them, because the prayer is repeated five times a day, and making it up would be a hardship for them.
As for fasting, it is obligatory only once a year, which is the fast of Ramadan, so there is no hardship in making it up for them. If a woman delays making up the fasts until after Ramadan without a valid legal excuse, she must repent to Allah for that, make up the fasts, and feed one poor person for each day. Likewise, if a sick person or a traveler delays making up the fasts until after another Ramadan without a valid legal excuse, they must make up the fasts, repent, and feed one poor person for each day. However, if the illness or travel continues until another Ramadan, they must only make up the fasts, without feeding, after recovering from the illness or returning from the journey.