Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And other than a past tense, like it, has acted *** if the other than the past was used from it"
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The Shaykh :"And other than a past tense, like it, has acted"
"Other" is the subject (mubtada'), and it is attached to "past tense"
And "like" is the object (maf'ul) placed before the verb "acted"
And "qad" is for realization
And "acted" is a past tense verb, and the alif is for generality, and the doer (fa'il) is hidden by permission, estimated to be "he," and the sentence of the verb and the doer is the predicate (khabar) of the subject, which is "other."
"If the other than the past was used from it"
"In" is conditional
And "kana" is the verb of the condition
And "other" is the name of "kana," and it is attached to "past"
And "from it" is a preposition and its object, connected to "used," or to a deleted state (hal) from "other than the past," and "used" is a past tense verb, and the alif is for generality, and the doer is hidden, and the sentence
The student: ...
The Shaykh : What?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, and the agent (na'ib al-fa'il) is hidden, and the sentence is the predicate of "kana"
He says (may Allah have mercy on him) that other than the past tense acts like the past tense if it is used. And he only said: "And other than a past tense, like it, has acted ***" because he mentioned "kana" and its sisters in the past tense form, so he says that other than the past tense is like the past tense in action, except that he made a reservation and said: "*** if the other than the past was used from it" And by this reservation, we know that some of them are not used except in the past tense, what is not used except in the past tense, and it is not by consensus because it is a static verb that does not vary, so it does not occur except in the past tense. And "dama" is disputed regarding it, for some of them permitted it to be in the present tense form, but the majority and the famous view is that it is in the past tense form.
And his saying: "And other than a past tense, like it, has acted ***" to the end: "*** if the other than the past was used from it" includes what does not vary absolutely, such as "laysa," and what does not vary except once, with a dispute regarding it, which is "dama," and what does not vary in a perfect way but varies a lot, which are the four that require the precedence of negation, for it is not used from them the imperative, because one of their conditions is that a negation or its like precedes them, and it is not possible for a negation or its like to precede the imperative.
He said: And likewise, the verbal noun (masdar) is not used from them, and the rest of the variations are used. As for his saying "yes," and by it he excluded "*** if the other than the past was used from it" the past tense and others in the way of absolute variation, which is the rest.
So these verbs are divided, in terms of variation, into four categories:
What does not vary absolutely, which is "laysa"
And what varies absolutely in all ways of variation, which are the eight
And what varies little by little, with a dispute regarding it, which is "dama," and what varies little, "na'am," is seven; we said eight, it is seven because "laysa" was excluded
And what varies little, or more than little, which are the four whose condition is the precedence of negation or prohibition, so these vary, becoming past tense and present tense, and not becoming imperative, and not becoming a verbal noun, and becoming the active participle (ism fa'il), you say: "This is Zayd, this is non-departing, standing," where is the negation?
The student: Other
The Shaykh : "Other" and "departing" are the active participle, and its name is hidden, and "standing" is its predicate
Okay, is it correct for me to say: "Dama standing"? Is it possible for me to say: "Dama standing"?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : It is correct, it is correct, but not as a noun verb (nasikh), but rather that its doer is hidden by necessity, and "standing" is a state (hal), "dama standing" means do not think that this expression was mentioned, do not say this expression is wrong, say this expression is correct, but it is not from the chapter of "kana" and its sisters
So "dama": in it is a hidden pronoun by necessity, and "standing" is a state - there are no questions like "other than you after five minutes" - okay
"Zala" varies to present tense, is that not so? Like[Hud 11:118-119] to imperative
The student: No.
The Shaykh : It does not vary, why? Because it requires the precedence of negation or its like, and this is not conceivable with the imperative.
To the active participle? Possible, possible, like: So-and-so is non-departing, standing, "non-departing, standing" is in the position of saying: "He does not cease to be standing," and therefore it acts like them
"Be a noble person": imperative verb from "kana," so do we parse "noble" as the predicate of "kana" or as a state?
The student: It is a predicate (khabar).
The Shaykh : It is the predicate of "kana" because "kana" varies completely, okay
So-and-so is non-existent, standing, is that correct?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: It varies
The Shaykh : Because it varies completely, the active participle comes from it, okay
Does the passive participle (ism maf'ul) come from it?
Yes, it comes, you say "the house is composed in it," but here the passive participle is a preposition and its object, it is a preposition and its object as a predicate, so "composed" is a passive participle, and the name is hidden, and in it is a preposition and its object as a predicate
The important thing now is that we have seven of them that vary completely, and one that does not vary at all by consensus, which is "laysa," and one that varies to the present tense with a dispute regarding it, which is "dama," and four that vary in all variations except the verbal noun and the imperative, which are those whose condition for their action is the precedence of negation or its like.
"Other" is the subject (mubtada'), and it is attached to "past tense"
And "like" is the object (maf'ul) placed before the verb "acted"
And "qad" is for realization
And "acted" is a past tense verb, and the alif is for generality, and the doer (fa'il) is hidden by permission, estimated to be "he," and the sentence of the verb and the doer is the predicate (khabar) of the subject, which is "other."
"If the other than the past was used from it"
"In" is conditional
And "kana" is the verb of the condition
And "other" is the name of "kana," and it is attached to "past"
And "from it" is a preposition and its object, connected to "used," or to a deleted state (hal) from "other than the past," and "used" is a past tense verb, and the alif is for generality, and the doer is hidden, and the sentence
The student: ...
The Shaykh : What?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, and the agent (na'ib al-fa'il) is hidden, and the sentence is the predicate of "kana"
He says (may Allah have mercy on him) that other than the past tense acts like the past tense if it is used. And he only said: "And other than a past tense, like it, has acted ***" because he mentioned "kana" and its sisters in the past tense form, so he says that other than the past tense is like the past tense in action, except that he made a reservation and said: "*** if the other than the past was used from it" And by this reservation, we know that some of them are not used except in the past tense, what is not used except in the past tense, and it is not by consensus because it is a static verb that does not vary, so it does not occur except in the past tense. And "dama" is disputed regarding it, for some of them permitted it to be in the present tense form, but the majority and the famous view is that it is in the past tense form.
And his saying: "And other than a past tense, like it, has acted ***" to the end: "*** if the other than the past was used from it" includes what does not vary absolutely, such as "laysa," and what does not vary except once, with a dispute regarding it, which is "dama," and what does not vary in a perfect way but varies a lot, which are the four that require the precedence of negation, for it is not used from them the imperative, because one of their conditions is that a negation or its like precedes them, and it is not possible for a negation or its like to precede the imperative.
He said: And likewise, the verbal noun (masdar) is not used from them, and the rest of the variations are used. As for his saying "yes," and by it he excluded "*** if the other than the past was used from it" the past tense and others in the way of absolute variation, which is the rest.
So these verbs are divided, in terms of variation, into four categories:
What does not vary absolutely, which is "laysa"
And what varies absolutely in all ways of variation, which are the eight
And what varies little by little, with a dispute regarding it, which is "dama," and what varies little, "na'am," is seven; we said eight, it is seven because "laysa" was excluded
And what varies little, or more than little, which are the four whose condition is the precedence of negation or prohibition, so these vary, becoming past tense and present tense, and not becoming imperative, and not becoming a verbal noun, and becoming the active participle (ism fa'il), you say: "This is Zayd, this is non-departing, standing," where is the negation?
The student: Other
The Shaykh : "Other" and "departing" are the active participle, and its name is hidden, and "standing" is its predicate
Okay, is it correct for me to say: "Dama standing"? Is it possible for me to say: "Dama standing"?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : It is correct, it is correct, but not as a noun verb (nasikh), but rather that its doer is hidden by necessity, and "standing" is a state (hal), "dama standing" means do not think that this expression was mentioned, do not say this expression is wrong, say this expression is correct, but it is not from the chapter of "kana" and its sisters
So "dama": in it is a hidden pronoun by necessity, and "standing" is a state - there are no questions like "other than you after five minutes" - okay
"Zala" varies to present tense, is that not so? Like
but they will not cease to differ. (119) Except whom your Lord has given mercy
ولا يزالون مختلفين إلا من رحم ربكThe student: No.
The Shaykh : It does not vary, why? Because it requires the precedence of negation or its like, and this is not conceivable with the imperative.
To the active participle? Possible, possible, like: So-and-so is non-departing, standing, "non-departing, standing" is in the position of saying: "He does not cease to be standing," and therefore it acts like them
"Be a noble person": imperative verb from "kana," so do we parse "noble" as the predicate of "kana" or as a state?
The student: It is a predicate (khabar).
The Shaykh : It is the predicate of "kana" because "kana" varies completely, okay
So-and-so is non-existent, standing, is that correct?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: It varies
The Shaykh : Because it varies completely, the active participle comes from it, okay
Does the passive participle (ism maf'ul) come from it?
Yes, it comes, you say "the house is composed in it," but here the passive participle is a preposition and its object, it is a preposition and its object as a predicate, so "composed" is a passive participle, and the name is hidden, and in it is a preposition and its object as a predicate
The important thing now is that we have seven of them that vary completely, and one that does not vary at all by consensus, which is "laysa," and one that varies to the present tense with a dispute regarding it, which is "dama," and four that vary in all variations except the verbal noun and the imperative, which are those whose condition for their action is the precedence of negation or its like.