Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And it accompanies the intermediate object of the predicate *** and the separator, a noun that the predicate preceded."
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The Shaykh : He said: "And it accompanies the intermediate object of the predicate *** and the separator, a noun that the predicate preceded"
up to the end of it.
"Accompanies": The subject refers back to the lam.
"The intermediate": It is the object of the verb.
"Object of the predicate": If the object of the predicate is an attribute of the intermediate.
"The separator": It is conjoined to the intermediate.
"A noun": It is likewise conjoined to it.
"The predicate preceded it": "Preceded" is a past tense verb, "the predicate" is the subject, and "before" is an adverb of time connected to "preceded."
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned that it accompanies, in addition to its accompanying the predicate, three things:
First: The object of the predicate, if it is intermediate between the noun and the predicate.
For example: "Inna Zaydan li-ta'amaka aakil" (Indeed, Zayd is one who will eat your food). "Inna Zaydan": Zayd is the noun, and the lam is for emphasis. "Ta'am" (food) is a fronted object for what? For "aakil" (eater), which is the predicate, and it is attached to the kaff (you) in "ta'amaka" (your food). "Aakil" is its predicate, raised by it, and the sign of its raising is a visible dammah at its end. This intermediate is the object of the predicate.
He said: "And the separator", meaning it accompanies the separator. By the separator, he means what is known as the separator pronoun among the Basrans, or the support among the Kufans. The Kufans call the separator pronoun a support, and the Basrans call it a separator pronoun.
The grammarians differed on whether the separator pronoun is a noun, a particle, or an extra word. The correct view is that it is a particle that came in the form of a pronoun and is not a noun.
It has three benefits:
The first benefit: Emphasis, because it emphasizes the sentence. So if you say, for example, "Zaydun huwa al-faadil" (Zayd is the noble one), it is more emphatic than saying "Zaydun faadil" (Zayd is noble).
The second: Restriction. Restriction means that this ruling is specific to the subject. So if you say "Zaydun huwa al-faadil" (Zayd is the noble one), it means no one other than him, no one other than him.
The third benefit: Distinguishing between the attribute and the predicate. Distinguishing between the attribute and the predicate, and this is the reason it is called a separator, because it separates between the predicate and the attribute. This becomes clear with an example. If you say "Zaydun al-faadil" (Zayd the noble one), then "al-faadil" here could be an attribute, and we wait for the predicate. We must say: "Zayd al-faadil mawjud" (The noble Zayd is present). So if you say "Zaydun huwa al-faadil" (Zayd is the noble one), it is established that "al-faadil" is a predicate. So this is the benefit of the separator pronoun.
The student: Three.
The Shaykh : Yes, three benefits, the first is
The student: Emphasis.
The Shaykh : Emphasis, the second is
The student: Restriction.
The Shaykh : Restriction, and the third is distinguishing between the predicate and the attribute.
If the separator pronoun is found between the noun of "inna" and its predicate, then the lam enters it. You say: "Inna Zaydan la-huwa al-faadil" (Indeed, Zayd is the noble one). Allah the Exalted said: [An-Naml 27:16], and there are many examples of this. Yes.
The third: "A noun that the predicate preceded", meaning this lam accompanies the noun if the predicate precedes it. And it is a necessary consequence of the predicate preceding it that it is delayed, so it is as if he said: And the noun, if it is delayed from the predicate, then the lam is associated with it. Allah the Exalted said: , and there are many examples of this.
So the lam is the lam of emphasis, and it accompanies four things: the predicate, its intermediate object, the separator pronoun, and the delayed noun. But it does not accompany the predicate except with conditions. That it be affirmative, due to his saying: "And not for the lam what has been negated"
The second: That it not be a past tense verb that is transitive, due to his saying: Yes, not accompanied by "qad," a past tense verb that is transitive, not accompanied by "qad."
Due to his saying: "*** And not of the verbs what is like "ridiya" (to be pleased), and it may follow it with "qad""
And Allah knows best.
The questioner : Oh Shaykh...
The Shaykh : Yes, but with distinction.
up to the end of it.
"Accompanies": The subject refers back to the lam.
"The intermediate": It is the object of the verb.
"Object of the predicate": If the object of the predicate is an attribute of the intermediate.
"The separator": It is conjoined to the intermediate.
"A noun": It is likewise conjoined to it.
"The predicate preceded it": "Preceded" is a past tense verb, "the predicate" is the subject, and "before" is an adverb of time connected to "preceded."
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned that it accompanies, in addition to its accompanying the predicate, three things:
First: The object of the predicate, if it is intermediate between the noun and the predicate.
For example: "Inna Zaydan li-ta'amaka aakil" (Indeed, Zayd is one who will eat your food). "Inna Zaydan": Zayd is the noun, and the lam is for emphasis. "Ta'am" (food) is a fronted object for what? For "aakil" (eater), which is the predicate, and it is attached to the kaff (you) in "ta'amaka" (your food). "Aakil" is its predicate, raised by it, and the sign of its raising is a visible dammah at its end. This intermediate is the object of the predicate.
He said: "And the separator", meaning it accompanies the separator. By the separator, he means what is known as the separator pronoun among the Basrans, or the support among the Kufans. The Kufans call the separator pronoun a support, and the Basrans call it a separator pronoun.
The grammarians differed on whether the separator pronoun is a noun, a particle, or an extra word. The correct view is that it is a particle that came in the form of a pronoun and is not a noun.
It has three benefits:
The first benefit: Emphasis, because it emphasizes the sentence. So if you say, for example, "Zaydun huwa al-faadil" (Zayd is the noble one), it is more emphatic than saying "Zaydun faadil" (Zayd is noble).
The second: Restriction. Restriction means that this ruling is specific to the subject. So if you say "Zaydun huwa al-faadil" (Zayd is the noble one), it means no one other than him, no one other than him.
The third benefit: Distinguishing between the attribute and the predicate. Distinguishing between the attribute and the predicate, and this is the reason it is called a separator, because it separates between the predicate and the attribute. This becomes clear with an example. If you say "Zaydun al-faadil" (Zayd the noble one), then "al-faadil" here could be an attribute, and we wait for the predicate. We must say: "Zayd al-faadil mawjud" (The noble Zayd is present). So if you say "Zaydun huwa al-faadil" (Zayd is the noble one), it is established that "al-faadil" is a predicate. So this is the benefit of the separator pronoun.
The student: Three.
The Shaykh : Yes, three benefits, the first is
The student: Emphasis.
The Shaykh : Emphasis, the second is
The student: Restriction.
The Shaykh : Restriction, and the third is distinguishing between the predicate and the attribute.
If the separator pronoun is found between the noun of "inna" and its predicate, then the lam enters it. You say: "Inna Zaydan la-huwa al-faadil" (Indeed, Zayd is the noble one). Allah the Exalted said:
Indeed, this is the true narrative
إن هذا لهو القصص الحقIndeed, this is evident bounty."
إن هذا لهو الفضل المبينThe third: "A noun that the predicate preceded", meaning this lam accompanies the noun if the predicate precedes it. And it is a necessary consequence of the predicate preceding it that it is delayed, so it is as if he said: And the noun, if it is delayed from the predicate, then the lam is associated with it. Allah the Exalted said:
Indeed, in that is a lesson
إن في ذلك لعبرةIndeed, in that is a reminder
إن في ذلك لذكرىSo the lam is the lam of emphasis, and it accompanies four things: the predicate, its intermediate object, the separator pronoun, and the delayed noun. But it does not accompany the predicate except with conditions. That it be affirmative, due to his saying: "And not for the lam what has been negated"
The second: That it not be a past tense verb that is transitive, due to his saying: Yes, not accompanied by "qad," a past tense verb that is transitive, not accompanied by "qad."
Due to his saying: "*** And not of the verbs what is like "ridiya" (to be pleased), and it may follow it with "qad""
And Allah knows best.
The questioner : Oh Shaykh...
The Shaykh : Yes, but with distinction.