Text copied Link copied

Al-Fatawa – home

﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

Scholar
Search mode

Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the lām is for ownership and its like, and in *** transitivity as well, and for the sake of cause, follow."

Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : It signifies ownership, and "its like" means the likeness of ownership. Ownership is when the word governed by it is the owner of what came before it. If the word governed by it is the owner of what preceded it, or if you wish, say: that it occurs between two things, the second of which is the owner of the first. That it occurs between two things, the second of which is the owner of the first. Or did you understand? Good, its example is: "The book is for the student." The lām here is for ownership, meaning: it is owned by the student. Which one is the owner of the first?
The student: The second.

The Shaykh : The second is the owner of the first, meaning: the word governed by it is the owner of what came before it. It may come after what preceded it.
to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens لله ملك السماوات
[Al-Baqarah 2:107]
Here, the first came after it and after the second, but the ruling does not change. "To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens." The lām here is for ownership. "To Allah belongs what is in the heavens" is also like it, meaning: the dominion belongs to Allah. And its like is what is called exclusivity. The lām is also for exclusivity, which is when the word governed by it is exclusive to the first, not the owner. That the word governed by it is exclusive to the first, not the owner. Its example is: "The saddle is for the mount," or "The bridle is for the camel," or is it not? Is this ownership?
The student: No.

The Shaykh : It is not ownership, but it is exclusivity resembling ownership. Likewise, if I said: "The fodder is for the beast," the lām is for ownership.
The student : For exclusivity.

The Shaykh : For exclusivity, because it is not owned, but it is exclusive to it. This is the meaning of his saying: "and its like". Likewise, "and in transitivity as well", hmm?
The student:
Zakah expenditures are only for the poor إنما الصدقات للفقراء
[At-Tawbah 9:60]
.

The Shaykh : The lām here is for ownership. The lām. He said:
"And in transitivity as well, follow." And "follow" in transitivity means: also, the lām comes for transitivity. What is the meaning of transitivity? The meaning of transitivity is: that it enters upon an object whose agent is weak, so that it may transit to the object. The agent is weak, so it transits to the object for strengthening. Yes, for example: the active participle. For instance, if it is delayed, its function weakens. You say, for example: "I am a striker for Zayd." Its original form is: "I am a striker of Zayd." And you also say: "I am for Zayd a striker." So the lām here is not suitable for ownership or the likeness of ownership, but it is for transitivity. It transits the agent due to its weakness, because it does not transit to the intended object by itself because it is weak. It is called for transitivity, meaning: transiting the agent to its object when it is weak due to delay or otherwise. It comes for transitivity. Likewise, it comes for the sake of cause. It comes for the sake of cause often, or not? Hmm?
And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me. وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ
[Adh-Dhariyat 51:56]
And it seems to me that you are saying: "That they worship" is a verb and not a noun. But I say: it is a verb construed as a verbal noun, and the estimation is: "Except for my worship." The lām here is for the sake of cause. And likewise, His saying, Exalted is He:
It is He who created for you all of that which is on the earth هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي الأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا
[Al-Baqarah 2:29]
He created for you خَلَقَ لَكُمْ
meaning: for your sake
all of that which is on the earth مَا فِي الأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا
[Al-Baqarah 2:29]
. So the lām here is for the sake of cause. Are there any other examples? Do you have any?
The student : Perhaps you understand.

The Shaykh : Huh?
The student:
that you may understand لعلكم تعقلون
.

The Shaykh : No, this "la'all" is not.
The student:
for those who turn للذين يُولون
.

The Shaykh : Hm?
The student:
for those who turn للذين يُولون
.

The Shaykh : No, no, this is for exclusivity, falling under the author's saying: "its like". Good, "I came to read," meaning: for the sake of reading. The lām here is for the sake of cause. The lām is for the sake of cause. And likewise, all the actions of Allah, the Exalted, that transit with the lām are for the sake of cause.
Exalted is He who took His Servant by night from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الأَقْصَى الَّذِي بَارَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا
[Al-Isra 17:1]
So the lām is for the sake of cause. And "cause, and in transitivity and cause, follow," meaning: follow. The rule from this verse is: the lām comes for ownership, for ownership and its like, and it also comes, hmm?
The student : For transitivity.

The Shaykh : For transitivity, and it comes for the sake of cause. Did it previously come for another meaning?
The student : For termination.

The Shaykh : For termination to the limit, termination from the limit, termination until, and not, hmm?
The student : What is the meaning of "follow"?

The Shaykh : "Follow" means: follow.
Source alathar.net

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

Similar fatwas