Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): . . . And what is like *idh* in meaning is like *idh* *** Add permissibility, like *hina* when *jā* *nabdh*.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh :"And what is like *idh* in meaning is like *idh*"
This means: And that which is like *idh*. *Mā* is a relative pronoun. As for "that which is like *idh*," the *kāf* here can be a noun meaning "like," meaning: that which is like *idh*. Like *idh* in what? In being indicative of an indefinite time. An indefinite time means a time that is not restricted. Because what indicates time includes what is restricted, such as a day, a month, a week, and the like, and it includes what is absolute, such as *hina* (when), *waqt* (time), *zamān* (time), *dahr* (era), and the like. So his saying: "And what is like *idh* in meaning" means: what agrees with *idh* in meaning in being indicative of what?
The student: Of time.
The Shaykh : Of an indefinite time that is not restricted. So by our saying "indefinite," we exclude what is restricted, like a day or a month. For you would say: "I came to you in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal," and you do not attach it to a clause. But what is like *idh* in its indication of indefinite time is like *idh*, except that it differs from it in his saying: "Add permissibility". *Idh* is attached obligatorily, whereas this is attached permissibly. For this reason, he said: "And what is like *idh* in meaning is like *idh*". Since his saying: "like *idh*" is general and encompasses the obligation of attaching to clauses, he excluded that by his saying, yes?
The student: "Add permissibility".
The Shaykh :"Add permissibility". Thus, it is like *idh*, for it is built (indeclinable), because *idh* is built. Did you understand? Add permissibly, and likewise in attaching to clauses, but it is not attached obligatorily as "*idh* is added permissibly, like *hina* when *jā* *nabdh*". May Allah not make us so. *Hina jā nabdh* means "since the day he was expelled." Yes, *nabdh* ... and he does not backbite people, and there is no calamity in him. Yes, or he was a religious man among a people who became sinful. The point is that since the day he was expelled. The grammatical analysis of *hina jā nabdh*: *Hina* is a temporal adverb, accusative due to being an adverb, but here we do not say it is accusative; we say it is built on *fathah* in the position of accusative due to being an adverb. *Jā* is a past tense verb, and the subject is hidden permissibly, estimated to be "he." And *hina* is attached to the clause, to *jā*. And *nabdh* is a past tense verb built for the passive because its agent was not named, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : And the agent is hidden, estimated to be "he." And *hina* is an adverb and needs a dependent word. Where is its dependent word? *Nabdh*. And the estimation is: "He was expelled when he came." Okay, if I said: "He was expelled for a time" and did not attach it, is that permissible?
The student: It is permissible.
The Shaykh : It is permissible, because its attachment is permissible and not obligatory. For this reason, he said: "Add permissibility, like *hina* when *jā* *nabdh*". Okay, regarding the building and grammatical analysis.
This means: And that which is like *idh*. *Mā* is a relative pronoun. As for "that which is like *idh*," the *kāf* here can be a noun meaning "like," meaning: that which is like *idh*. Like *idh* in what? In being indicative of an indefinite time. An indefinite time means a time that is not restricted. Because what indicates time includes what is restricted, such as a day, a month, a week, and the like, and it includes what is absolute, such as *hina* (when), *waqt* (time), *zamān* (time), *dahr* (era), and the like. So his saying: "And what is like *idh* in meaning" means: what agrees with *idh* in meaning in being indicative of what?
The student: Of time.
The Shaykh : Of an indefinite time that is not restricted. So by our saying "indefinite," we exclude what is restricted, like a day or a month. For you would say: "I came to you in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal," and you do not attach it to a clause. But what is like *idh* in its indication of indefinite time is like *idh*, except that it differs from it in his saying: "Add permissibility". *Idh* is attached obligatorily, whereas this is attached permissibly. For this reason, he said: "And what is like *idh* in meaning is like *idh*". Since his saying: "like *idh*" is general and encompasses the obligation of attaching to clauses, he excluded that by his saying, yes?
The student: "Add permissibility".
The Shaykh :"Add permissibility". Thus, it is like *idh*, for it is built (indeclinable), because *idh* is built. Did you understand? Add permissibly, and likewise in attaching to clauses, but it is not attached obligatorily as "*idh* is added permissibly, like *hina* when *jā* *nabdh*". May Allah not make us so. *Hina jā nabdh* means "since the day he was expelled." Yes, *nabdh* ... and he does not backbite people, and there is no calamity in him. Yes, or he was a religious man among a people who became sinful. The point is that since the day he was expelled. The grammatical analysis of *hina jā nabdh*: *Hina* is a temporal adverb, accusative due to being an adverb, but here we do not say it is accusative; we say it is built on *fathah* in the position of accusative due to being an adverb. *Jā* is a past tense verb, and the subject is hidden permissibly, estimated to be "he." And *hina* is attached to the clause, to *jā*. And *nabdh* is a past tense verb built for the passive because its agent was not named, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : And the agent is hidden, estimated to be "he." And *hina* is an adverb and needs a dependent word. Where is its dependent word? *Nabdh*. And the estimation is: "He was expelled when he came." Okay, if I said: "He was expelled for a time" and did not attach it, is that permissible?
The student: It is permissible.
The Shaykh : It is permissible, because its attachment is permissible and not obligatory. For this reason, he said: "Add permissibility, like *hina* when *jā* *nabdh*". Okay, regarding the building and grammatical analysis.