The discussion regarding the conditions and rulings of zakah on trade goods.
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The Shaykh : For zakah to become obligatory on trade goods, there are conditions. Abdullah?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : That he owns them through his own action; this is a condition. And that when he acquires them, he intends to trade with them. Now, what is excluded by the first restriction? Abdullah?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : For example, inheritance. If he owns them through inheritance and intends to trade with them, they do not become trade goods, even if the deceased intended them for trade. They do not become trade goods for him. That is, if he inherited a grocery store, there is no zakah on it because he owned it through means other than his own action. Now, if he owned it through a gift, Khalil? If a grocery store was gifted to him and he owned it.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Why? It is not by his choice, a gift? Does anyone force him to accept a gift? It is not by his action. And is acceptance an action or not an action?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He said, "I have gifted you this grocery store," and he said, "I accept." Is this an action or not an action?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes?
The questioner : It did not originate from an action.
The Shaykh : It did not originate from an action. Now, if he bought it with the intention of trade?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What is the difference? Because the seller made the offer, and he accepted. And this donor made the offer of a gift, and he accepted.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What did he intend?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : And if he performed the act of gifting.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say, Amir? Is it obligatory? Contrary to whom? Contrary to Khalil. Now, why is it obligatory? Is it not a donation?
The questioner : It is a donation, but...
The Shaykh : What do you say about the two opinions?
The questioner : The second is correct.
The Shaykh : The second is correct because a gift is not coerced; it is by your choice. But the difference between it and a sale is that a gift is a contract of donation and a sale is a contract of exchange, and this does not affect the ruling.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Who?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : And a sale?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He offered it for sale.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, and this is offering it for a gift, so he said, "I accept." Now, is there another opinion that negates one of the conditions or both conditions? Yes?
The questioner : ... without the intention of trade, and then the intention was found...
The Shaykh : The second opinion is that the intention of trade is not required at the time of acquisition, and it is permissible to intend it later, following the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) Now.
A man has trade goods that reach the nisab of gold but do not reach the nisab of silver. Is zakah obligatory on him? Abdullah Khan? Is there zakah? It does not reach the nisab of silver?
The questioner : It reached the nisab.
The Shaykh : The nisab of gold. What do you say?
The questioner : Correct.
The Shaykh : Correct? If we consider the most difficult case for the people of zakah, what about the poor? Yes. And with this, we challenge you on the author's statement. He said "the most difficult for the poor." Is there a deficiency in this statement or not? There is a deficiency, because the poor are a category among the categories of the people of zakah, and the correct statement is "the most difficult for the people of zakah." Now.
The Shaykh : He bought a trade good for two hundred dirhams, and when the year was completed, it became worth one hundred and eighty. Is there zakah on it?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He bought it for two hundred dirhams, and when the year was completed, it became worth one hundred and eighty.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He bought it for two hundred?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The questioner : Correct.
The Shaykh : Correct? There is no zakah on it because when the year is completed, it does not reach the nisab. Now, a man—Salim—bought a trade good for ten thousand riyals, and when the year was completed, it became worth twenty thousand riyals. Does he pay zakah on the ten thousand or the twenty thousand?
The questioner : The twenty thousand.
The Shaykh : The twenty thousand? What do you say? If it did not increase by ten thousand except in the last month?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : May Allah reward you. Correct. If it does not increase except one day before the year is completed, he pays zakah on the twenty thousand. Yes. Because the profit from trade does not require the completion of a full year. A man has trade goods, and when three-quarters of the year have passed, he sold them for cash. What do you say, Khalil...? Does he build on the first year or start a new year?
The questioner : He builds on the first year.
The Shaykh : Why?
The questioner : Because three-quarters of the year have passed, Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Yes, three-quarters of the year passed and it was trade goods, then he sold it for cash, and the year was completed and it was cash.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : That means we cancel nine months.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : We cancel them.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : Now, Mustafa?
The questioner : He builds on the year.
The Shaykh : He builds on the first year. We have two opinions; which is more correct?
The questioner : The second one.
The Shaykh : The second is more correct, Khalil. Why? Because zakah on trade goods is based on their value. Now, a man has the nisab of silver, and three-quarters of the year have passed, then he bought trade goods with it. The brother? Yes, yes, it is not you. Look, his hand is raised. Yes, what do you say?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He has cash, and when three-quarters of the year have passed, he bought trade goods with it. Does he start the year anew or build on the first one?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The questioner : Correct.
The Shaykh : Correct, because zakah on trade goods is based on their value. May Allah reward you. Now.
A man has forty grazing sheep. Do you know what grazing sheep are? And when half the year has passed, he sold them for cash dirhams. Does he build on their year or start a new year?
The questioner : He does not build.
The Shaykh : Why?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What is the reason for this?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, he does not build on the year of the grazing sheep because they differ in nisab and amount, yes, and in purpose and obligation, yes. Therefore, he does not build, as mentioned before. Then the author said, "We will take the new lesson tonight."
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : No, the stronger opinion is that there is no zakah on it because it is like jewelry.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : It appears that you did not attend the explanation of this. We mentioned that there is a difference between this and that, because zakah is not obligatory on a horse at all, whereas zakah is obligatory on gold and silver.
The questioner : But the intention.
The Shaykh : The intention has no effect. Zakah is obligatory on gold and silver in all cases because zakah is obligatory on their substance itself. This is based on the obligation of zakah on jewelry; the disagreement is the same.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He owes nothing. He does not see it, but we mentioned the principle... of obligation, and we read a treatise, yes?
The questioner : Regarding the nose, Shaykh, it is not considered... regarding... a necessity. If it were not a necessity, he would not have worn it.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is all the same; there is no difference. Yes.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : That he owns them through his own action; this is a condition. And that when he acquires them, he intends to trade with them. Now, what is excluded by the first restriction? Abdullah?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : For example, inheritance. If he owns them through inheritance and intends to trade with them, they do not become trade goods, even if the deceased intended them for trade. They do not become trade goods for him. That is, if he inherited a grocery store, there is no zakah on it because he owned it through means other than his own action. Now, if he owned it through a gift, Khalil? If a grocery store was gifted to him and he owned it.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Why? It is not by his choice, a gift? Does anyone force him to accept a gift? It is not by his action. And is acceptance an action or not an action?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He said, "I have gifted you this grocery store," and he said, "I accept." Is this an action or not an action?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes?
The questioner : It did not originate from an action.
The Shaykh : It did not originate from an action. Now, if he bought it with the intention of trade?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What is the difference? Because the seller made the offer, and he accepted. And this donor made the offer of a gift, and he accepted.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What did he intend?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : And if he performed the act of gifting.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say, Amir? Is it obligatory? Contrary to whom? Contrary to Khalil. Now, why is it obligatory? Is it not a donation?
The questioner : It is a donation, but...
The Shaykh : What do you say about the two opinions?
The questioner : The second is correct.
The Shaykh : The second is correct because a gift is not coerced; it is by your choice. But the difference between it and a sale is that a gift is a contract of donation and a sale is a contract of exchange, and this does not affect the ruling.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Who?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : And a sale?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He offered it for sale.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, and this is offering it for a gift, so he said, "I accept." Now, is there another opinion that negates one of the conditions or both conditions? Yes?
The questioner : ... without the intention of trade, and then the intention was found...
The Shaykh : The second opinion is that the intention of trade is not required at the time of acquisition, and it is permissible to intend it later, following the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)
Actions are only by intentions
إنما الأعمال بالنياتA man has trade goods that reach the nisab of gold but do not reach the nisab of silver. Is zakah obligatory on him? Abdullah Khan? Is there zakah? It does not reach the nisab of silver?
The questioner : It reached the nisab.
The Shaykh : The nisab of gold. What do you say?
The questioner : Correct.
The Shaykh : Correct? If we consider the most difficult case for the people of zakah, what about the poor? Yes. And with this, we challenge you on the author's statement. He said "the most difficult for the poor." Is there a deficiency in this statement or not? There is a deficiency, because the poor are a category among the categories of the people of zakah, and the correct statement is "the most difficult for the people of zakah." Now.
The Shaykh : He bought a trade good for two hundred dirhams, and when the year was completed, it became worth one hundred and eighty. Is there zakah on it?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He bought it for two hundred dirhams, and when the year was completed, it became worth one hundred and eighty.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He bought it for two hundred?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The questioner : Correct.
The Shaykh : Correct? There is no zakah on it because when the year is completed, it does not reach the nisab. Now, a man—Salim—bought a trade good for ten thousand riyals, and when the year was completed, it became worth twenty thousand riyals. Does he pay zakah on the ten thousand or the twenty thousand?
The questioner : The twenty thousand.
The Shaykh : The twenty thousand? What do you say? If it did not increase by ten thousand except in the last month?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : May Allah reward you. Correct. If it does not increase except one day before the year is completed, he pays zakah on the twenty thousand. Yes. Because the profit from trade does not require the completion of a full year. A man has trade goods, and when three-quarters of the year have passed, he sold them for cash. What do you say, Khalil...? Does he build on the first year or start a new year?
The questioner : He builds on the first year.
The Shaykh : Why?
The questioner : Because three-quarters of the year have passed, Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Yes, three-quarters of the year passed and it was trade goods, then he sold it for cash, and the year was completed and it was cash.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : That means we cancel nine months.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : We cancel them.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : Now, Mustafa?
The questioner : He builds on the year.
The Shaykh : He builds on the first year. We have two opinions; which is more correct?
The questioner : The second one.
The Shaykh : The second is more correct, Khalil. Why? Because zakah on trade goods is based on their value. Now, a man has the nisab of silver, and three-quarters of the year have passed, then he bought trade goods with it. The brother? Yes, yes, it is not you. Look, his hand is raised. Yes, what do you say?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He has cash, and when three-quarters of the year have passed, he bought trade goods with it. Does he start the year anew or build on the first one?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The questioner : Correct.
The Shaykh : Correct, because zakah on trade goods is based on their value. May Allah reward you. Now.
A man has forty grazing sheep. Do you know what grazing sheep are? And when half the year has passed, he sold them for cash dirhams. Does he build on their year or start a new year?
The questioner : He does not build.
The Shaykh : Why?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : What is the reason for this?
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, he does not build on the year of the grazing sheep because they differ in nisab and amount, yes, and in purpose and obligation, yes. Therefore, he does not build, as mentioned before. Then the author said, "We will take the new lesson tonight."
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : No, the stronger opinion is that there is no zakah on it because it is like jewelry.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : It appears that you did not attend the explanation of this. We mentioned that there is a difference between this and that, because zakah is not obligatory on a horse at all, whereas zakah is obligatory on gold and silver.
The questioner : But the intention.
The Shaykh : The intention has no effect. Zakah is obligatory on gold and silver in all cases because zakah is obligatory on their substance itself. This is based on the obligation of zakah on jewelry; the disagreement is the same.
The questioner : ... .
The Shaykh : He owes nothing. He does not see it, but we mentioned the principle... of obligation, and we read a treatise, yes?
The questioner : Regarding the nose, Shaykh, it is not considered... regarding... a necessity. If it were not a necessity, he would not have worn it.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is all the same; there is no difference. Yes.