What is the explanation of the hadith, “Nothing can avert the divine decree except supplication”?
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In the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him): Sunan Ibn Majah 4022Da’if (Darussalam), and Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2139Da'if (Darussalam), how can the divine decree be averted?
And how does Allah delay [death] to increase lifespan, while Allah says: [Al-Munafiqun: 11]?
There is no contradiction between these two. Kindness to parents increases lifespan, and maintaining family ties, andSahih Ibn Hibban 6:132. So supplication is among the causes of averting the conditional divine decree, and maintaining family ties and kindness to parents are among the causes of increasing the conditional lifespan. Indeed, the divine decree is of two types: a conditional decree and a finalized decree that is not conditional. As for the finalized decree, there is no way to change it, such as a fixed death or the like. As for the conditional decree: this is contingent upon its causes. Allah, the Exalted, may make the expansion of sustenance and the lengthening of lifespan contingent upon maintaining family ties and kindness to parents. Thus, his lifespan is increased by what He has decreed that he will be kind to his parents and maintain his family ties. And this decree is averted by supplication; he is destined to be afflicted with such and such, except if he supplicates with such and such. Allah may have decreed that he will supplicate, so this conditional decree is removed by the supplication. The conditional decree is that in which the expansion of sustenance is beneficial, in which kindness is beneficial, and in which supplication is beneficial. As for the finalized decree that is not conditional: this occurs at its time, and nothing can avert it [Al-Munafiqun: 11]. So when the time comes for the conditional and the non-conditional, it ends.
nothing repels the Divine decree except supplication
لا يرد القدر إلا الدعاءnothing increases the life-span except righteousness
لا يزيد في العمر إلا البرAnd how does Allah delay [death] to increase lifespan, while Allah says:
But never will Allah delay a soul when its time has come
وَلَنْ يُؤَخِّرَ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهَاThere is no contradiction between these two. Kindness to parents increases lifespan, and maintaining family ties, and
Whoever loves to be granted a longer lifespan and an expansion of sustenance, let him maintain his family ties
من أحب أن ينسأ له في أجله ويبسط له في رزقه فليصل رحمهBut never will Allah delay a soul when its time has come
وَلَنْ يُؤَخِّرَ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهَا
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.
