The ruling on the Friday prayer for one residing temporarily

Question:
Is the Friday prayer obligatory for us in these Spanish lands, knowing that there is no mosque there, and we came to those lands for the purpose of studying?

Answer:
The scholars have stated that it is not obligatory for you or for those like you to establish the Friday prayer; in fact, there is a question regarding its validity for you. What is obligatory for you is the midday prayer, because you are more like travelers and the inhabitants of the desert. The Friday prayer is only obligatory for those who are settled. The evidence for this is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not command it for travelers or the inhabitants of the desert, and he did not perform it during his travels, nor did his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) .
It is established in authentic hadiths that he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the midday prayer at 'Arafah on a Friday during the Year of the Farewell Pilgrimage, and did not pray the Friday prayer, nor did he command the pilgrims to do so, because they are in the status of travelers. I am not aware of any disagreement among the scholars of Islam on this issue, praise be to Allah, except for an anomalous opinion from some of the generation after the Companions that should not be relied upon. However, if there are Muslims who are settled and pray the Friday prayer, it is prescribed for you and for those like you who reside in lands temporarily for the sake of seeking knowledge, trade, or the like, to pray with them, in order to obtain the virtue of the Friday prayer. This is because a group of scholars said that it is obligatory for the traveler to follow the settled person if he resides in a place where the Friday prayer is established, which prevents him from shortening the prayer.