What is the criterion for concealing or exposing the perpetrator of a wrong?

Question:
When is it permissible to conceal the matter of the perpetrator of a wrong? And when is it permissible to expose his wrong and himself?

Answer:
As long as he is concealing his sin, conceal it for him, advise him, and direct him to what is good.
And when he displays it and does not feel shame, it is obligatory to refer his case to the authorities so that the prescribed punishment is carried out against him if he displays his sin. Likewise, if he repeats it, those who witnessed it and know of it should testify against him, so that he does not persist in falsehood. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: , and in the other wording: . If a Muslim conceals the matter of his brother once, twice, or three times, perhaps he will respond, perhaps he will regret, perhaps he will desist, then there is no blame on him. If they are a group and they see fit to testify against him, there is nothing wrong with that.
As for when he announces it and does not care and does not feel shame, then it is obligatory to testify against him, and it is obligatory to refer his case, so that he does not harm people, and so that he does not lead them into committing wrong openly. Rather, it is obligatory to hasten to the authorities with testimony against him in the court so that the prescribed punishment is carried out against him.