Reading from Ibn Aqil’s commentary (may Allah have mercy on him), with the Shaykh’s annotations: " .
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The reader: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
The author said - (may Allah have mercy on him) - :
" And describe with a derivative like 'difficult' and 'swift' *** and its like, and 'the one who' and the one who claims descent:
It is not described except with a derivative, either in form or in meaning. The intended meaning of 'derivative' here is: what is derived from the root to indicate a meaning and its possessor " .
The Shaykh : What is it?
The reader: " to indicate a meaning and its possessor " .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The reader: " such as the active participle, the passive participle, the adjective resembling the active participle, and the superlative " .
The Shaykh : How many are there?
The reader: Four.
The Shaykh : Four, four things, yes.
The reader: " and what is equivalent to a derivative is the demonstrative, such as: 'I passed by this Zayd,' meaning the one being pointed to. And likewise " .
The Shaykh : Which one?
The reader: " meaning the one being pointed to " .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The reader: " and likewise 'the one who' means the possessor, and the relative pronoun, such as: 'I passed by a man who has wealth,' meaning a man who possesses wealth, and 'I passed by Zayd who stood up,' meaning the one who stood up. And the one who claims descent, such as: 'I passed by a man who is Qurayshi,' meaning one who claims descent from Quraysh. And they described with a sentence " .
The Shaykh : An example of the active participle: 'I passed by a man who is standing.' The passive participle: 'I saw cooked meat.' This is the passive participle. The adjective: 'I passed by a man with a handsome face.' The superlative: 'I passed by a man who is better than Zayd.' This is the superlative, yes.
The student: Cooked meat!
The Shaykh : Passive participle. 'Cooked' means that the action of cooking was done to it.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, 'cooked' is a passive participle, an adjective for the meat. 'Cooked meat' does not mean 'one who cooks.'
The student: Cooked meat!
The Shaykh : Yes, and is it not the object of the action?
The student: It is this.
The Shaykh : Yes, so it is a passive participle, like 'eaten,' like 'struck.'
The student: To be: Did you see meat: that it is the object of the action?!
The Shaykh : No, but 'cooked' is a passive participle, yes, that is right, good.
The author said - (may Allah have mercy on him) - :
" And describe with a derivative like 'difficult' and 'swift' *** and its like, and 'the one who' and the one who claims descent:
It is not described except with a derivative, either in form or in meaning. The intended meaning of 'derivative' here is: what is derived from the root to indicate a meaning and its possessor " .
The Shaykh : What is it?
The reader: " to indicate a meaning and its possessor " .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The reader: " such as the active participle, the passive participle, the adjective resembling the active participle, and the superlative " .
The Shaykh : How many are there?
The reader: Four.
The Shaykh : Four, four things, yes.
The reader: " and what is equivalent to a derivative is the demonstrative, such as: 'I passed by this Zayd,' meaning the one being pointed to. And likewise " .
The Shaykh : Which one?
The reader: " meaning the one being pointed to " .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The reader: " and likewise 'the one who' means the possessor, and the relative pronoun, such as: 'I passed by a man who has wealth,' meaning a man who possesses wealth, and 'I passed by Zayd who stood up,' meaning the one who stood up. And the one who claims descent, such as: 'I passed by a man who is Qurayshi,' meaning one who claims descent from Quraysh. And they described with a sentence " .
The Shaykh : An example of the active participle: 'I passed by a man who is standing.' The passive participle: 'I saw cooked meat.' This is the passive participle. The adjective: 'I passed by a man with a handsome face.' The superlative: 'I passed by a man who is better than Zayd.' This is the superlative, yes.
The student: Cooked meat!
The Shaykh : Passive participle. 'Cooked' means that the action of cooking was done to it.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, 'cooked' is a passive participle, an adjective for the meat. 'Cooked meat' does not mean 'one who cooks.'
The student: Cooked meat!
The Shaykh : Yes, and is it not the object of the action?
The student: It is this.
The Shaykh : Yes, so it is a passive participle, like 'eaten,' like 'struck.'
The student: To be: Did you see meat: that it is the object of the action?!
The Shaykh : No, but 'cooked' is a passive participle, yes, that is right, good.