Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And return to the root, a second soft letter, inverted *** For *qaymah* (value), make *quwaymah* (diminutive of value) to be correct."
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The Shaykh :"And return to the root, a second soft letter, inverted"
"Layna" (softness) is either a state or a second object for "qalib" (inverted), meaning: return to the root, a second soft letter, invert its softness, meaning: invert its alif, yes, or its ya. For example:
"For *qaymah* (value), make *quwaymah* (diminutive of value) to be correct"
We have, for example, *qaymah* (value), which contains a ya in its second position, but is that its root? What is its root? It is waw, because it is from *qawwamtu al-shay'* (I made the thing upright), *qawwamtu* (I made upright), *aqwimu* (I make upright), but the waw was inverted to a ya for a morphological reason, which is that what precedes it is kasrah (vowelized with i). So when the waw is sukun (unvoweled) and what precedes it is kasrah, it is inverted to a ya, because the kasrah is not compatible with?
The student: With the waw.
The Shaykh : With the waw. Okay, why don't we make the fathah (vowelized with a) a dammah (vowelized with u) in order to match the waw, so we say *qum*? Yes, because of the heaviness, because of the heaviness, because the form changes, the form changes from *fi'lah* (a specific pattern), and therefore inverting the soft letter to another soft letter is preferable to changing the vowel, so we say: *quwaymah* (diminutive of value). The waw is not compatible with the kasrah, we change the waw to what is compatible with the kasrah, which is?
The student: The ya.
The Shaykh : The ya, so we say: *qaymah* (value), but when we make it diminutive, it is said that diminutives return things to their roots, so we say for *qaymah* (value)?
The student: *Quwaymah* (diminutive of value).
The Shaykh : *Quwaymah* (diminutive of value), and we do not say: *quyyimah*, this is prohibited because it is obligatory to return things to their roots, and by this we know the error of the common expression where they say *taqyim* (valuation) of this thing, and the correct one is?
The student: *Taqwim* (making upright/valuation).
The Shaykh : *Taqwim* (making upright/valuation) of this thing, *taqwim* (making upright/valuation) not *taqyim* (valuation), and this is attested from some scholars, therefore the jurists express it by saying: *al-taqwim* (the making upright/valuation) and *muqawwim* (one who makes upright) and the like, but we in this era imitate one another in expression, whether it is wrong or right, and how I wish that it would be easy for people to track down such words that have become widespread and return them to their correct Arabic root.
The student: It exists, O Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: It exists, books.
The Shaykh : It exists, books in this?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Okay, this is good, and from the common expressions is also saying "to here ends the news broadcast," and the correct one is "to here ends the news broadcast," the waw here has no root, it has no place, but people have become accustomed to it and it has become established.
The student: Does *qawwam* (make upright) differ from...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: If we say *qawwam al-shay'* (make the thing upright), does it differ from...
The Shaykh : *Qawwamahu* (he made it upright), meaning he made it standing?
"Layna" (softness) is either a state or a second object for "qalib" (inverted), meaning: return to the root, a second soft letter, invert its softness, meaning: invert its alif, yes, or its ya. For example:
"For *qaymah* (value), make *quwaymah* (diminutive of value) to be correct"
We have, for example, *qaymah* (value), which contains a ya in its second position, but is that its root? What is its root? It is waw, because it is from *qawwamtu al-shay'* (I made the thing upright), *qawwamtu* (I made upright), *aqwimu* (I make upright), but the waw was inverted to a ya for a morphological reason, which is that what precedes it is kasrah (vowelized with i). So when the waw is sukun (unvoweled) and what precedes it is kasrah, it is inverted to a ya, because the kasrah is not compatible with?
The student: With the waw.
The Shaykh : With the waw. Okay, why don't we make the fathah (vowelized with a) a dammah (vowelized with u) in order to match the waw, so we say *qum*? Yes, because of the heaviness, because of the heaviness, because the form changes, the form changes from *fi'lah* (a specific pattern), and therefore inverting the soft letter to another soft letter is preferable to changing the vowel, so we say: *quwaymah* (diminutive of value). The waw is not compatible with the kasrah, we change the waw to what is compatible with the kasrah, which is?
The student: The ya.
The Shaykh : The ya, so we say: *qaymah* (value), but when we make it diminutive, it is said that diminutives return things to their roots, so we say for *qaymah* (value)?
The student: *Quwaymah* (diminutive of value).
The Shaykh : *Quwaymah* (diminutive of value), and we do not say: *quyyimah*, this is prohibited because it is obligatory to return things to their roots, and by this we know the error of the common expression where they say *taqyim* (valuation) of this thing, and the correct one is?
The student: *Taqwim* (making upright/valuation).
The Shaykh : *Taqwim* (making upright/valuation) of this thing, *taqwim* (making upright/valuation) not *taqyim* (valuation), and this is attested from some scholars, therefore the jurists express it by saying: *al-taqwim* (the making upright/valuation) and *muqawwim* (one who makes upright) and the like, but we in this era imitate one another in expression, whether it is wrong or right, and how I wish that it would be easy for people to track down such words that have become widespread and return them to their correct Arabic root.
The student: It exists, O Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: It exists, books.
The Shaykh : It exists, books in this?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Okay, this is good, and from the common expressions is also saying "to here ends the news broadcast," and the correct one is "to here ends the news broadcast," the waw here has no root, it has no place, but people have become accustomed to it and it has become established.
The student: Does *qawwam* (make upright) differ from...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: If we say *qawwam al-shay'* (make the thing upright), does it differ from...
The Shaykh : *Qawwamahu* (he made it upright), meaning he made it standing?