Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the alif of the permissible, four, remove *** Likewise, the ya of the deficient, fifth, is excluded."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : Then he said: "And the alif of the permissible, four, remove"
"The alif of the permissible, four, remove." And what is the object of the verb "remove" that is in the accusative case? It is a fronted object for the word "remove," and "permissible" is its description. The meaning of "the alif of the permissible, four" is: the one that exceeds four letters. If the alif exceeds four letters, it is deleted in every case, whether it is for femininity, original, or for assimilation, whatever it may be. So we say, for example, in "Mustafa," what do we say about it?
The student: Mustafaa.
The Shaykh : Mustafaa, Mustafaa, because it is an alif that exceeds four, so the author says "remove."
"And the alif of the permissible, four, remove *** Likewise, the ya of the deficient, fifth, is excluded"
If the deficient (word) is fifth or more, it is excluded. What does "excluded" mean? It means: it is deleted. Look, the author (may Allah have mercy on him), due to the constraint of the poetry, uses expressions that, if he had used all of them in a single phrase and said "it is deleted," it would have been easier. But the problem of the poetry is that the word "remove," the word "exclude," and the word "do not remain" all mean the same thing: delete. But due to the constraint of the poetry, he expressed it with this expression. If the deficient (word) is fifth, it is deleted. What is its example? Muhtadi. How many letters is the ya in Muhtadi?
The student: Fifth.
The Shaykh : Fifth: mīm, hā, tā, dāl. The author says "excluded," meaning it must be deleted. So if you make it a nisbah (genitive of attribution) to Muhtadi, do you say? Huh? Muhtadiyy or not?
The student: Muhtadiyy.
The Shaykh : Yes, Muhtadiyy with the ya, with the shaddah (doubled consonant). This is, for example, Muhtadiyy al-qawm, meaning the one attributed to al-Muhtadi. Okay, al-Mahdi? Is there anyone among you named al-Mahdi?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : The nisbah to him?
The student: al-Mahdiyy.
The Shaykh : al-Mahdiyy, but we do not take it from this rule. Where do we take it from?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : From the previous rule: "And like it, from what it contains, delete". Okay, now what is deleted for us is... we will limit ourselves to this because the time has ended. What is deleted is the ya that resembles the nisbah. The tā of femininity, absolutely?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, the tā of femininity, except if it is fourth and the letter before it is sakin (unvoweled), is it permissible?
The student: Both options.
The Shaykh : Both options are permissible. Okay, the tā of assimilation and the original tā, their ruling is the ruling of the tā of femininity, except that the first one in the original is what?
The student: Iqlab (substitution).
The Shaykh : Iqlab.
The student: O Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Look, if it exceeds four or more, meaning it is fifth or more, the ya of the deficient, if it is fifth or more, it is excluded, meaning it is deleted. So we say, Qadi, complete it?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Fourth.
The student: Muhtadi.
The Shaykh : Muhtadi, we say about it Muhtadiyy, but there is a difference between Muhtadiyy and Muhtadi. For Muhtadiyy, we say: "Muhtadiyy came," and for Muhtadi, we say in it "Muhtadin came" only, because it is deficient. So now we read the explanation.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: ...
"The alif of the permissible, four, remove." And what is the object of the verb "remove" that is in the accusative case? It is a fronted object for the word "remove," and "permissible" is its description. The meaning of "the alif of the permissible, four" is: the one that exceeds four letters. If the alif exceeds four letters, it is deleted in every case, whether it is for femininity, original, or for assimilation, whatever it may be. So we say, for example, in "Mustafa," what do we say about it?
The student: Mustafaa.
The Shaykh : Mustafaa, Mustafaa, because it is an alif that exceeds four, so the author says "remove."
"And the alif of the permissible, four, remove *** Likewise, the ya of the deficient, fifth, is excluded"
If the deficient (word) is fifth or more, it is excluded. What does "excluded" mean? It means: it is deleted. Look, the author (may Allah have mercy on him), due to the constraint of the poetry, uses expressions that, if he had used all of them in a single phrase and said "it is deleted," it would have been easier. But the problem of the poetry is that the word "remove," the word "exclude," and the word "do not remain" all mean the same thing: delete. But due to the constraint of the poetry, he expressed it with this expression. If the deficient (word) is fifth, it is deleted. What is its example? Muhtadi. How many letters is the ya in Muhtadi?
The student: Fifth.
The Shaykh : Fifth: mīm, hā, tā, dāl. The author says "excluded," meaning it must be deleted. So if you make it a nisbah (genitive of attribution) to Muhtadi, do you say? Huh? Muhtadiyy or not?
The student: Muhtadiyy.
The Shaykh : Yes, Muhtadiyy with the ya, with the shaddah (doubled consonant). This is, for example, Muhtadiyy al-qawm, meaning the one attributed to al-Muhtadi. Okay, al-Mahdi? Is there anyone among you named al-Mahdi?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : The nisbah to him?
The student: al-Mahdiyy.
The Shaykh : al-Mahdiyy, but we do not take it from this rule. Where do we take it from?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : From the previous rule: "And like it, from what it contains, delete". Okay, now what is deleted for us is... we will limit ourselves to this because the time has ended. What is deleted is the ya that resembles the nisbah. The tā of femininity, absolutely?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, the tā of femininity, except if it is fourth and the letter before it is sakin (unvoweled), is it permissible?
The student: Both options.
The Shaykh : Both options are permissible. Okay, the tā of assimilation and the original tā, their ruling is the ruling of the tā of femininity, except that the first one in the original is what?
The student: Iqlab (substitution).
The Shaykh : Iqlab.
The student: O Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Look, if it exceeds four or more, meaning it is fifth or more, the ya of the deficient, if it is fifth or more, it is excluded, meaning it is deleted. So we say, Qadi, complete it?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Fourth.
The student: Muhtadi.
The Shaykh : Muhtadi, we say about it Muhtadiyy, but there is a difference between Muhtadiyy and Muhtadi. For Muhtadiyy, we say: "Muhtadiyy came," and for Muhtadi, we say in it "Muhtadin came" only, because it is deficient. So now we read the explanation.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: ...