Reading from Ibn Aqil’s commentary (may Allah have mercy on him), with the Shaykh’s annotations: " .
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The reader: "And the letter, if it is obligatory, is original, and the one that is not obligatory is the extra, like the ta in ihtaradhi"
The Shaykh :"the ta in ihtaradhi".
The reader: "*** like the ta in ihtaradhi
The letter that is obligatory in the inflections of the word is the original letter, and the one that drops out in some inflections of the word is the extra, like dharib and mudrib".
The Shaykh : This rule is clear. He says the letter in the word, if it is obligatory, meaning it remains in all its inflections, then it is original. And if it drops out in some inflections, it is extra. Do you understand?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : So like dhaba, it has three letters: the dad, the ra, and the ba. Look, if one of these three drops out in some inflections, then it is?
The student: Extra.
The Shaykh : So it is extra. And if it remains whenever you inflect it, they are original. Take dharib from dhaba; the dad, the ra, and the ba came. If one of these three drops out in some inflections, it is extra. And if it remains in all its inflections, they are original. Take dharib from dhaba; the dad, the ra, and the ba came from it. But an addition came to us now, which is the alif, because the alif drops out in some inflections. Mudrib? We have the dad, the ra, and the ba as original. A mim and a waw came in it; do you say they are extra or not?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Fine, the kha, the ra, and the jim came out. These three do not drop out in all inflections. You say: istakhraj. We say kharaja is original, right?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : And the hamza, the sin, and the ta are extra. Mustakhrij? The kha, the ra, and the jim are original, and the mim, the sin, and the ta are extra. And on this, analogize. So if someone asks you: What is the original among the letters of the word? Say: It is the one that is obligatory in all inflections; this is the original:
"And the letter, if it is obligatory, is original, and the one that is not obligatory is the extra"
"The one" is the subject and "the extra" is its predicate. Yes. And the author gave as an example in his saying:
"like the ta in ihtaradhi". The fact is that ihtaradhi has two extra letters, which are the hamza and the ta. The author did not intend to exhaust all the extra letters in this example; he intended to give an example of just one extra letter. So the ta is extra, and the hamza?
The student: It is extra.
The Shaykh : Extra. So is there a fault in the author for this?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, because he wants to exemplify with an extra letter, and that does not mean that there is not another extra letter in the word; it does not matter. Yes, fine. What are the extra letters? The poet says:
"I asked the extra letters about their name *** And they said, without being stingy: Aaman and Tashil"
Aaman and Tashil; these are the extra letters. Yes:
"I asked the extra letters about their name *** And they said, without being stingy: Aaman and Tashil"
I will repeat it a third time and you will be absent:
"I asked the extra letters about their name *** And they said, without being stingy: Aaman and Tashil"
The student :
"I asked the extra letters about their name *** And they said, without being stingy: Aaman and Tashil"
The Shaykh : Yes, fine. Aaman and Tashil.
The Shaykh :"the ta in ihtaradhi".
The reader: "*** like the ta in ihtaradhi
The letter that is obligatory in the inflections of the word is the original letter, and the one that drops out in some inflections of the word is the extra, like dharib and mudrib".
The Shaykh : This rule is clear. He says the letter in the word, if it is obligatory, meaning it remains in all its inflections, then it is original. And if it drops out in some inflections, it is extra. Do you understand?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : So like dhaba, it has three letters: the dad, the ra, and the ba. Look, if one of these three drops out in some inflections, then it is?
The student: Extra.
The Shaykh : So it is extra. And if it remains whenever you inflect it, they are original. Take dharib from dhaba; the dad, the ra, and the ba came. If one of these three drops out in some inflections, it is extra. And if it remains in all its inflections, they are original. Take dharib from dhaba; the dad, the ra, and the ba came from it. But an addition came to us now, which is the alif, because the alif drops out in some inflections. Mudrib? We have the dad, the ra, and the ba as original. A mim and a waw came in it; do you say they are extra or not?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Fine, the kha, the ra, and the jim came out. These three do not drop out in all inflections. You say: istakhraj. We say kharaja is original, right?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : And the hamza, the sin, and the ta are extra. Mustakhrij? The kha, the ra, and the jim are original, and the mim, the sin, and the ta are extra. And on this, analogize. So if someone asks you: What is the original among the letters of the word? Say: It is the one that is obligatory in all inflections; this is the original:
"And the letter, if it is obligatory, is original, and the one that is not obligatory is the extra"
"The one" is the subject and "the extra" is its predicate. Yes. And the author gave as an example in his saying:
"like the ta in ihtaradhi". The fact is that ihtaradhi has two extra letters, which are the hamza and the ta. The author did not intend to exhaust all the extra letters in this example; he intended to give an example of just one extra letter. So the ta is extra, and the hamza?
The student: It is extra.
The Shaykh : Extra. So is there a fault in the author for this?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, because he wants to exemplify with an extra letter, and that does not mean that there is not another extra letter in the word; it does not matter. Yes, fine. What are the extra letters? The poet says:
"I asked the extra letters about their name *** And they said, without being stingy: Aaman and Tashil"
Aaman and Tashil; these are the extra letters. Yes:
"I asked the extra letters about their name *** And they said, without being stingy: Aaman and Tashil"
I will repeat it a third time and you will be absent:
"I asked the extra letters about their name *** And they said, without being stingy: Aaman and Tashil"
The student :
"I asked the extra letters about their name *** And they said, without being stingy: Aaman and Tashil"
The Shaykh : Yes, fine. Aaman and Tashil.