Dividing the oneness of Allah into three categories
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Q: A question regarding the division of the oneness of Allah into three categories, and whether there is evidence for this?
A: This is derived from induction, because when the scholars examined what the texts from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger brought forth, this became apparent to them. Some of them added a fourth type, which is the oneness of following, and all of this is by induction.
There is no doubt that whoever reflects upon the Noble Qur'an finds in it verses that command the sincerity of worship for Allah alone, and this is the oneness of worship. He also finds verses indicating that Allah is the Creator, the Provider, and the Manager of affairs, and this is the oneness of lordship, which the polytheists acknowledged but it did not bring them into Islam. He also finds other verses indicating that He has the most beautiful names and the highest attributes, and that there is nothing like Him and no equal to Him, and this is the oneness of the names and attributes, which the innovators of the Jahmiyyah, the Mu'tazilah, the anthropomorphists, and those who follow their path denied.
He also finds verses indicating the obligation to follow the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and to reject what contradicts his Shari'ah, and this is the oneness of following. Thus, this division is known through induction, tracking the verses, and studying the Sunnah. Among this is the saying of Allah the Exalted: [Surat al-Fatihah:5] and His saying (peace and blessings be upon him): [Surat al-Baqarah:21] and His saying (peace and blessings be upon him): [Surat al-Baqarah:163] and His saying the Exalted: [Al-Imran:18] and His saying the Exalted: [Adh-Dhariyat:56-58] and His saying the Exalted: [Al-A'raf:54] and His saying the Exalted: [Yunus:31] and He said the Exalted: [Ash-Shura:11] and he said (peace and blessings be upon him): [Al-Ikhlas:1-4] and He said the Exalted: [Al-Imran:31] and He said the Exalted: [An-Nur:54] and the verses regarding the mentioned division are numerous.
And from the hadiths: the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the hadith of Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), which is agreed upon as authentic:Sahih al-Bukhari 2856 and his saying (peace and blessings be upon him): narrated by al-Bukhari in his Sahih, and his saying (peace and blessings be upon him) to Jibril when he asked about Islam: Sahih Muslim 8e the hadith, agreed upon, and his saying (peace and blessings be upon him): Sahih Muslim 1835c agreed upon as authentic, and his saying (peace and blessings be upon him): Sahih al-Bukhari 7280 except for those who refuse. It was said: O Messenger of Allah, who refuses? He said: Sahih al-Bukhari 7280 narrated by al-Bukhari in his Sahih, and the hadiths in this chapter are numerous.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The deity is the one who is worshipped and obeyed, for the deity is the one who is deified, and the one who is deified is the one who deserves to be worshipped. And that He deserves to be worshipped is due to the attributes He possesses, which necessitate that He is the one loved to the utmost of love and submitted to to the utmost of submission."
And he said: "For the deity is the one who is loved and worshipped, whom the hearts deify with their love, and to whom they submit and humble themselves, and whom they fear and hope in, and to whom they turn in their hardships, and whom they call upon in their needs, and upon whom they rely in their interests, and to whom they seek refuge, and whose remembrance brings them peace, and in whose love they find tranquility. And this is for Allah alone. For this reason, 'La ilaha illa Allah' (There is no deity but Allah) is the most truthful of speech, and its people are the people of Allah and His party, and those who deny it are His enemies and the people of His anger and retribution. If it is sound, then every issue, state, and taste is sound with it. And if the servant does not make it sound, then corruption is inevitable for him in his knowledge and his deeds."
And we ask Allah to guide all the Muslims, both rulers and the ruled, to understand His religion and to stand firm upon it, to be sincere to Allah and His servants, and to beware of what contradicts that. Indeed, He is the One who is capable of that and able to do it. And may Allah send prayers and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and all his Companions.
A: This is derived from induction, because when the scholars examined what the texts from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger brought forth, this became apparent to them. Some of them added a fourth type, which is the oneness of following, and all of this is by induction.
There is no doubt that whoever reflects upon the Noble Qur'an finds in it verses that command the sincerity of worship for Allah alone, and this is the oneness of worship. He also finds verses indicating that Allah is the Creator, the Provider, and the Manager of affairs, and this is the oneness of lordship, which the polytheists acknowledged but it did not bring them into Islam. He also finds other verses indicating that He has the most beautiful names and the highest attributes, and that there is nothing like Him and no equal to Him, and this is the oneness of the names and attributes, which the innovators of the Jahmiyyah, the Mu'tazilah, the anthropomorphists, and those who follow their path denied.
He also finds verses indicating the obligation to follow the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and to reject what contradicts his Shari'ah, and this is the oneness of following. Thus, this division is known through induction, tracking the verses, and studying the Sunnah. Among this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
It is You we worship and You we ask for help.
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُO mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous -
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَAnd your God is one God; there is no god but He, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.
وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُAllah witnesses that there is no deity except Him, and [so do] the angels and those of knowledge - [that He is] maintaining [creation] in justice. There is no deity except Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ قَائِمًا بِالْقِسْطِ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ(56) And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me. (57) I do not want from them any provision, nor do I want them to feed Me. (58) Indeed, it is Allah who is the [continual] Provider, the firm possessor of strength.
وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلا لِيَعْبُدُونِ مَا أُرِيدُ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ رِزْقٍ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ يُطْعِمُونِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الرَّزَّاقُ ذُو الْقُوَّةِ الْمَتِينُIndeed, your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and earth in six days and then established Himself above the Throne. He covers the night with the day, [another night] chasing it rapidly; and [He created] the sun, the moon, and the stars, subjected by His command. Unquestionably, His is the creation and the command; blessed is Allah, Lord of the worlds.
إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ يُغْشِي اللَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُ حَثِيثًا وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَاتٍ بِأَمْرِهِ أَلا لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالْأَمْرُ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَSay, "Who provides for you from the heaven and the earth? Or who controls hearing and sight and who brings the living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the living and who arranges [every] matter?" They will say, "Allah," so say, "Then will you not fear Him?"
قُلْ مَنْ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَمَّنْ يَمْلِكُ السَّمْعَ وَالْأَبْصَارَ وَمَنْ يُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَيُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ وَمَنْ يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ فَسَيَقُولُونَ اللَّهُ فَقُلْ أَفَلا تَتَّقُونَThere is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.
لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ(1) Say, "He is Allah, [who is] One, (2) Allah, the Eternal Refuge. (3) He neither begets nor is born, (4) Nor is there to Him any equivalent."
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌSay, [O Muhammad], "If you should love Allah, then follow me, [so] Allah will love you and forgive you your sins
قُلْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ اللَّهَ فَاتَّبِعُونِي يُحْبِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْSay, "Obey Allah and obey the Messenger; but if you turn away - then upon him is only that [duty] with which he has been charged, and upon you is that with which you have been charged. And if you obey him, you will be [rightly] guided. And there is not upon the Messenger except the [responsibility for] clear notification."
قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلا الْبَلاغُ الْمُبِينُAnd from the hadiths: the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the hadith of Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), which is agreed upon as authentic:
Allah's right on His slaves is that they should worship Him (Alone) and should not worship any besides Him
حق الله على العباد: أن يعبدوه ولا يشركوا به شيئاWhoever dies while calling upon a rival besides Allah will enter the Fire
من مات وهو يدعو لله ندا دخل النارyou worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him and you establish obligatory prayer and you pay the obligatory alms (Zakat)
أن تعبد الله ولا تشرك به شيئا، وتقيم الصلاة المكتوبة، وتؤدي الزكاة المفروضةWhoso obeys me obeys God; and whose disobeys me disobeys God.
من أطاعني فقد أطاع الله ومن عصاني فقد عصا اللهAll my followers will enter Paradise
كل أمتي يدخلون الجنةWhoever obeys me will enter Paradise, and whoever disobeys me is the one who refuses (to enter it).
من أطاعني دخل الجنة ومن عصاني فقد أبىShaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The deity is the one who is worshipped and obeyed, for the deity is the one who is deified, and the one who is deified is the one who deserves to be worshipped. And that He deserves to be worshipped is due to the attributes He possesses, which necessitate that He is the one loved to the utmost of love and submitted to to the utmost of submission."
And he said: "For the deity is the one who is loved and worshipped, whom the hearts deify with their love, and to whom they submit and humble themselves, and whom they fear and hope in, and to whom they turn in their hardships, and whom they call upon in their needs, and upon whom they rely in their interests, and to whom they seek refuge, and whose remembrance brings them peace, and in whose love they find tranquility. And this is for Allah alone. For this reason, 'La ilaha illa Allah' (There is no deity but Allah) is the most truthful of speech, and its people are the people of Allah and His party, and those who deny it are His enemies and the people of His anger and retribution. If it is sound, then every issue, state, and taste is sound with it. And if the servant does not make it sound, then corruption is inevitable for him in his knowledge and his deeds."
And we ask Allah to guide all the Muslims, both rulers and the ruled, to understand His religion and to stand firm upon it, to be sincere to Allah and His servants, and to beware of what contradicts that. Indeed, He is the One who is capable of that and able to do it. And may Allah send prayers and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and all his Companions.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.