The ruling on one who remembers after the taslim that the prayer was incomplete
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Question:
From Libya, this is a message sent by our brother, may Allah increase him in favor, 'Abd al-Rabb Mansur. He asks a set of questions, among which is a question that says: If I remember that the prayer was incomplete after the taslim, do I go back and complete it, and what is the manner of doing so?
Answer:
This requires a detailed explanation: If you remember that it was incomplete in a way that relates to its pillars, then you must complete it. However, if the deficiency relates to the sunnahs and recommended acts, then it does not harm you, and the voluntary prayers make up for what was lacking in your prayer. As for if you remember that you only prayed three rak'ahs in the Zuhr, 'Asr, or 'Isha' prayer, then you stand up, perform a fourth rak'ah, and prostrate for forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) with two prostrations before the taslim, or after the taslim, and the latter is better if you had already said the taslim and then remembered that you had only prayed three... in the Zuhr, 'Asr, or 'Isha' prayer, or two in the Maghrib, or one in the Fajr. After you have said the taslim and remembered that it was incomplete, you stand up and complete it, and after finishing the tashahhud and the supplication, you say the taslim, then you prostrate the two prostrations of forgetfulness after the taslim. This is because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did this when he said the taslim after missing a rak'ah, and in some narrations: he missed two rak'ahs. They mentioned that he stood up and completed his prayer, then completed the tashahhud and the supplication, then said the taslim, then prostrated the two prostrations of forgetfulness (peace and blessings be upon him), then said the taslim. If you prostrated the two prostrations before the taslim, that is also sufficient.
As for if the deficiency is in something like a prostration from the prostrations, or a bowing from the bowings, and you remember that you forgot a bowing, or a prostration after you had said the taslim, then you stand up and perform a complete rak'ah, you perform a complete rak'ah, then after the tashahhud and after the salutation upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and after the supplication, you say the taslim, then you prostrate the two prostrations of forgetfulness, then you say the taslim a second time. This is what is prescribed for you.
As for if the deficiency is other than this, such as if you remember that you, for example, did not sit for the first tashahhud, and you stood up for the third rak'ah without sitting, having forgotten, or you forgot (Subhan Rabbi al-A'la) in the prostration, or you forgot (Subhan Rabbi al-Azim) in the bowing, or you forgot (Rabbighfir li) between the two prostrations, this is sufficient for you: prostration for forgetfulness, you prostrate for forgetfulness and that is enough. And just as if you forgot (Rabbana wa laka al-hamd) after the bowing, it is sufficient for you to prostrate two prostrations for forgetfulness, and praise be to Allah. This is because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), when he stood up from the first tashahhud having forgotten, prostrated the two prostrations of forgetfulness before saying the taslim, then said the taslim (peace and blessings be upon him).
As for if the deficiency is something recommended, as mentioned earlier, such as if you remember that you forgot the opening supplication, and you did not say: Subhanaka Allahumma Rabbi wa bihamdika, at the beginning of the prayer, which is the opening supplication: (Subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmu, wa ta'ala jadduka, wa la ilaha ghayruk), and you did not say it or any other of the opening supplications, but rather you said the takbir and began with the seeking of refuge, the basmalah, and the recitation, and you did not recite the opening supplication. This is a sunnah, and there is nothing upon you. Likewise, if you remember that you, for example, did not supplicate in the prostration, and you said: Subhan Rabbi al-A'la, and did not supplicate in the prostration, then there is nothing upon you, because supplication in the prostration is recommended and not obligatory. Or if you remember that you did not repeat (Subhan Rabbi al-Azim) much, and you only said it once or twice, then there is nothing upon you.
Or if you remember that after you had sent blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the final tashahhud, you said the taslim and did not come to the supplication—the seeking of refuge from the four things—then there is nothing upon you. And likewise, if you remember that you said between the two prostrations: (Rabbighfir li) only once, and did not increase it, did not repeat it three times, you said it only once and then prostrated the second time, there is nothing upon you. Because these are sunnahs and voluntary acts, and they are not obligatory. If a person leaves them out, whether out of forgetfulness or intentionally, this is a deficiency for which there is nothing upon him, and his prayer is valid. May Allah guide them all.
The presenter: O Allah, amen. May Allah reward you with good.
From Libya, this is a message sent by our brother, may Allah increase him in favor, 'Abd al-Rabb Mansur. He asks a set of questions, among which is a question that says: If I remember that the prayer was incomplete after the taslim, do I go back and complete it, and what is the manner of doing so?
Answer:
This requires a detailed explanation: If you remember that it was incomplete in a way that relates to its pillars, then you must complete it. However, if the deficiency relates to the sunnahs and recommended acts, then it does not harm you, and the voluntary prayers make up for what was lacking in your prayer. As for if you remember that you only prayed three rak'ahs in the Zuhr, 'Asr, or 'Isha' prayer, then you stand up, perform a fourth rak'ah, and prostrate for forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) with two prostrations before the taslim, or after the taslim, and the latter is better if you had already said the taslim and then remembered that you had only prayed three... in the Zuhr, 'Asr, or 'Isha' prayer, or two in the Maghrib, or one in the Fajr. After you have said the taslim and remembered that it was incomplete, you stand up and complete it, and after finishing the tashahhud and the supplication, you say the taslim, then you prostrate the two prostrations of forgetfulness after the taslim. This is because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did this when he said the taslim after missing a rak'ah, and in some narrations: he missed two rak'ahs. They mentioned that he stood up and completed his prayer, then completed the tashahhud and the supplication, then said the taslim, then prostrated the two prostrations of forgetfulness (peace and blessings be upon him), then said the taslim. If you prostrated the two prostrations before the taslim, that is also sufficient.
As for if the deficiency is in something like a prostration from the prostrations, or a bowing from the bowings, and you remember that you forgot a bowing, or a prostration after you had said the taslim, then you stand up and perform a complete rak'ah, you perform a complete rak'ah, then after the tashahhud and after the salutation upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and after the supplication, you say the taslim, then you prostrate the two prostrations of forgetfulness, then you say the taslim a second time. This is what is prescribed for you.
As for if the deficiency is other than this, such as if you remember that you, for example, did not sit for the first tashahhud, and you stood up for the third rak'ah without sitting, having forgotten, or you forgot (Subhan Rabbi al-A'la) in the prostration, or you forgot (Subhan Rabbi al-Azim) in the bowing, or you forgot (Rabbighfir li) between the two prostrations, this is sufficient for you: prostration for forgetfulness, you prostrate for forgetfulness and that is enough. And just as if you forgot (Rabbana wa laka al-hamd) after the bowing, it is sufficient for you to prostrate two prostrations for forgetfulness, and praise be to Allah. This is because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), when he stood up from the first tashahhud having forgotten, prostrated the two prostrations of forgetfulness before saying the taslim, then said the taslim (peace and blessings be upon him).
As for if the deficiency is something recommended, as mentioned earlier, such as if you remember that you forgot the opening supplication, and you did not say: Subhanaka Allahumma Rabbi wa bihamdika, at the beginning of the prayer, which is the opening supplication: (Subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmu, wa ta'ala jadduka, wa la ilaha ghayruk), and you did not say it or any other of the opening supplications, but rather you said the takbir and began with the seeking of refuge, the basmalah, and the recitation, and you did not recite the opening supplication. This is a sunnah, and there is nothing upon you. Likewise, if you remember that you, for example, did not supplicate in the prostration, and you said: Subhan Rabbi al-A'la, and did not supplicate in the prostration, then there is nothing upon you, because supplication in the prostration is recommended and not obligatory. Or if you remember that you did not repeat (Subhan Rabbi al-Azim) much, and you only said it once or twice, then there is nothing upon you.
Or if you remember that after you had sent blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the final tashahhud, you said the taslim and did not come to the supplication—the seeking of refuge from the four things—then there is nothing upon you. And likewise, if you remember that you said between the two prostrations: (Rabbighfir li) only once, and did not increase it, did not repeat it three times, you said it only once and then prostrated the second time, there is nothing upon you. Because these are sunnahs and voluntary acts, and they are not obligatory. If a person leaves them out, whether out of forgetfulness or intentionally, this is a deficiency for which there is nothing upon him, and his prayer is valid. May Allah guide them all.
The presenter: O Allah, amen. May Allah reward you with good.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.