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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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The difference between a martyr in reality and a martyr by ruling.

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The Shaykh : A martyr in reality is the one who went out in the path of Allah and was killed on the battlefield. It is he upon whom the rulings of a martyr are applied: he is buried in his clothes and his blood, and it is permissible not to pray over him. I did not want to say "one does not pray over him" so that it would not be understood that praying over him is not permissible. I said "it is permissible not to pray over him" to make the listener aware...
...that the situation may be severe, such that the conditions of these intense battles do not allow for the funeral prayer over the martyr, let alone over the martyrs. It is permissible to bury them as they are without praying over them. However, if the battle has ceased and some Muslims or the army commander find time to perform the funeral prayer over the martyr, that is permissible. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did both: he prayed and he did not. This is the martyr in reality.
As for the one who is wounded in battle and then taken, for example, as is done today, to a fixed or mobile hospital and dies there, his ruling is not that of a martyr. He is washed and shrouded like the other deceased Muslims. Then, attached to this second category are types mentioned by the Messenger (peace be upon him) in some hadiths, including:
That drowning is severe, and the one who dies from his stomach is a martyr, and the one who dies from collapse is a martyr, and the one with tuberculosis is a martyr, and the woman who dies due to childbirth: she is a martyr. أن الغرِق شديد ، والذي يموت ببطنه شهيد بالهدم شهيد وبالسّل مرض السُّل شهيد والنفساء تموت بسبب ولادتها : شهيدة
also. These types of martyrdom are martyrdom by ruling, not martyrdom in reality. That is, what was mentioned earlier regarding the martyr of the battlefield applies to these types of martyrs.
Source alathar.net

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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