Discussion of the Fourth Condition: That One Be Capable
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The Shaykh : That one be capable. This is the fourth condition: that one be capable. So what is the opposite of capability?
The questioner : Inability.
The Shaykh : How many categories of inability are there?
The questioner : Two. One is incapable.
The Shaykh : Incapable in a continuous, permanent way, with no hope of its removal.
The questioner : Or the inability is.
The Shaykh : Temporary, with hope of its removal. An example of the first is.
The questioner : A sick person, such as one with cancer.
The Shaykh : A person sick with an illness from which recovery is not expected, such as cancer, or an old man from whom recovery is not expected and whose old age will not end.
The questioner : Whose old age will not end.
The Shaykh : Do you not know that no one has ever grown old and then returned to youth? What is the verse they recited on this topic?
The questioner : Buwa'.
The Shaykh :"Would that, and would that, and would that, would that I were young, Buwa', and I had bought" But this is in the language of Buwa'. What is the ruling for this type of incapacity, the incapacity from which removal is not expected? What is its ruling?
The questioner : Feeding one poor person for every day.
The Shaykh : What is the evidence for feeding one poor person for every day? What is the evidence? Brother, tell me, what is the evidence?
The questioner : There is a hadith, and His saying, the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:184].
The Shaykh :[Al-Baqarah 2:184] The elderly person is not able to do it. What is the indication from the verse?
The questioner : That fasting was initially made obligatory with a choice: whoever does not fast feeds one poor person for every day.
The Shaykh : Yes, complete it.
The questioner : And in this case, whoever cannot fast feeds one poor person for every day.
The Shaykh : The indication from the verse is that when fasting was first made obligatory, a person was given a choice between feeding and fasting. This is evidence that feeding is the equivalent of fasting. So if one is unable to fast, he feeds. How does he feed? What is the manner of feeding?
The questioner : Either one poor person for every day, or he gathers them as poor people.
The Shaykh : Either he prepares food at the end of the month and invites the poor to eat, as ... did, as Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) did. Or he distributes food, grain with meat and cooked dishes, to thirty poor people or twenty-nine poor people until the month is complete and its deficiency is covered. The temporary incapacity, which is the second category, what is its ruling? What is the ruling for his inability to fast, which is a temporary incapacity from which removal is expected?
The questioner : He makes up the days he did not fast.
The Shaykh : What is the evidence?
The questioner : Other days.
The Shaykh : Read the verse.
The questioner : He said, the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:184].
The Shaykh :[Al-Baqarah 2:184] If the month is twenty-nine days, does he make up thirty days or twenty-nine days?
The questioner : According to the month.
The Shaykh : I am now saying, if it is twenty-nine days, does he make up thirty days or twenty-nine?
The questioner : According to the days he did not fast. If he did not fast twenty-nine, he makes up.
The Shaykh : I say, if the month was twenty-nine days, does he make up twenty-nine days or thirty days?
The questioner : Twenty-nine.
The Shaykh : Twenty-nine. Where do you take that from in the verse?
The questioner :[Al-Baqarah 2:184].
The Shaykh : Which word in the verse?
The questioner : A number of other days.
The Shaykh : A number of other days. It did not say "a month," but "a number of other days." If ten days or more have passed, he is obligated to.
The questioner : Ten days.
The Shaykh : Well done.
The questioner : Inability.
The Shaykh : How many categories of inability are there?
The questioner : Two. One is incapable.
The Shaykh : Incapable in a continuous, permanent way, with no hope of its removal.
The questioner : Or the inability is.
The Shaykh : Temporary, with hope of its removal. An example of the first is.
The questioner : A sick person, such as one with cancer.
The Shaykh : A person sick with an illness from which recovery is not expected, such as cancer, or an old man from whom recovery is not expected and whose old age will not end.
The questioner : Whose old age will not end.
The Shaykh : Do you not know that no one has ever grown old and then returned to youth? What is the verse they recited on this topic?
The questioner : Buwa'.
The Shaykh :"Would that, and would that, and would that, would that I were young, Buwa', and I had bought" But this is in the language of Buwa'. What is the ruling for this type of incapacity, the incapacity from which removal is not expected? What is its ruling?
The questioner : Feeding one poor person for every day.
The Shaykh : What is the evidence for feeding one poor person for every day? What is the evidence? Brother, tell me, what is the evidence?
The questioner : There is a hadith, and His saying, the Exalted:
And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding
وعلى الذين يطيقونه فدية طعامThe Shaykh :
And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom
وعلى الذين يطيقونه فديةThe questioner : That fasting was initially made obligatory with a choice: whoever does not fast feeds one poor person for every day.
The Shaykh : Yes, complete it.
The questioner : And in this case, whoever cannot fast feeds one poor person for every day.
The Shaykh : The indication from the verse is that when fasting was first made obligatory, a person was given a choice between feeding and fasting. This is evidence that feeding is the equivalent of fasting. So if one is unable to fast, he feeds. How does he feed? What is the manner of feeding?
The questioner : Either one poor person for every day, or he gathers them as poor people.
The Shaykh : Either he prepares food at the end of the month and invites the poor to eat, as ... did, as Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) did. Or he distributes food, grain with meat and cooked dishes, to thirty poor people or twenty-nine poor people until the month is complete and its deficiency is covered. The temporary incapacity, which is the second category, what is its ruling? What is the ruling for his inability to fast, which is a temporary incapacity from which removal is expected?
The questioner : He makes up the days he did not fast.
The Shaykh : What is the evidence?
The questioner : Other days.
The Shaykh : Read the verse.
The questioner : He said, the Exalted:
So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of days [are to be made up]
فمن كان منكم مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخرThe Shaykh :
So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of days [are to be made up]
ومن كان منكم مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخرThe questioner : According to the month.
The Shaykh : I am now saying, if it is twenty-nine days, does he make up thirty days or twenty-nine?
The questioner : According to the days he did not fast. If he did not fast twenty-nine, he makes up.
The Shaykh : I say, if the month was twenty-nine days, does he make up twenty-nine days or thirty days?
The questioner : Twenty-nine.
The Shaykh : Twenty-nine. Where do you take that from in the verse?
The questioner :
So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of days [are to be made up]
ومن كان منكم مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخرThe Shaykh : Which word in the verse?
The questioner : A number of other days.
The Shaykh : A number of other days. It did not say "a month," but "a number of other days." If ten days or more have passed, he is obligated to.
The questioner : Ten days.
The Shaykh : Well done.