The Times of Prayer, and the Shari'ah Timing for Breaking the Fast

The Shaykh : ... by saying to him: "You have become a morning person, you have become a morning person." Who is it that says to him, "You have become a morning person, you have become a morning person"? It is the passersby, not those who are in a high place; that is, the dawn enters for the passersby in some of the roads of Madinah, and Abdullah or ... ibn Maktum was standing in a place that is not ... - Peace and Allah's mercy and blessings be upon you ... Welcome ... - ... as is known, until the sun ... on the vertical pole, this is on the line of the equator, the line of the equator ... it becomes vertical like this, and the sun rises vertically; so no shadow appears for this vertical pole, and if any shadow appears, that is the time of Dhuhr. But in other countries that lean toward the south or the north, the sun is tilted. Can you visualize this with me? The tilt is such that when the sun rises from its east, the shadow of this vertical pole remains long ... on the ground, and as it rises, this shadow shortens if you observe this thing, it shortens, shortens, shortens; so if the sun is tilting - for example - slightly toward the south relative to Jordan and Syria; because we are located in a northern region, and Yemen is located in the southern region, and the Syrian lands, some are like this and some are like this, if there were a plan, for example a map, I would show you something.
The point is: So we in Syria, when it becomes Dhuhr, it is not ... vertical, but it is tilted slightly to the east toward the south, so as the sun rises after its appearance, this shadow shortens until it becomes a short shadow that is fixed relative to the observer of the body, yes, it is not ... this is the time of dislike, the time when the sun is in the middle of the sky, and when this shadow begins to lengthen toward the west, the time of dislike has passed and the time of Maghrib has entered. I do not think that the mu'adhdhins today pay attention to this; because they have relied on the calendars, so ... .
Then he says in the hadith: , this is its length - for example - twenty centimeters, we do it like this, if the shadow has reached here, the time of 'Asr has not entered, why? Because we must calculate the shadow of the zenith that was at the point where the sun was in the middle of the sky, we said it is a shadow, this shadow lengthens and shortens with the change of seasons, sometimes its length is equal to, for example, a quarter of this, and sometimes a third of it, all this must be calculated according to the times and seasons, and the shadow of the zenith is added to the shadow of the thing, we assume for example ... then at that time it became the time of 'Asr.
The time of Maghrib, as he (peace be upon him) said in an authentic hadith: - from the east, for example -, - from the west -, and this is of course for Madinah, otherwise for other cities the issue differs in terms of directions; for example, we in Jeddah face the east approximately when we face the Ka'bah, while in the Levant we face the south, and so on for all the regions around the Holy House, they form a circle, so if we assume this is the south and this is the north, and this is the east, the west, and this is the east, then who is here faces what? He faces the south, the north, the east, and who is here faces the Ka'bah when he faces it, the southwest, and so on.
So the point is: As for Maghrib, his (peace be upon him) statement is explicit in this regard: , now this is a very big difference between one town and another, indeed between one location in a country and another location in another country, and this is something I have experienced myself, so in my house that I described to you earlier, which is on a mountain in Amman, the rule is that we break our fast in Ramadan before the adhan between ten minutes and seven minutes all year long; whether it is the fasting of Ramadan or voluntary fasting.
Once we were invited to a village on the way out of Amman to Jerusalem, its name is ... , so we sat waiting for iftar for the first time, and I was in Amman hearing the adhan that they broadcast on the radio exactly with the setting of the sun for the first time, the reason is that the sun sets for us before ... , while there is no mountain there, it happened that the setting of the sun coincided exactly with the adhan, because it is as if in a cave; for this reason we said that the calendars do not take these elevations into account, and you see this perhaps if you remember, if you are traveling before sunset, for example, to Makkah and the sun is on your way, you may find the sun in a place where it has set for you, then you set off in your car; and lo, the sun is visible; why? Because when you saw it set, there was a high mountain in front of you, and when you saw it rise, it was because there was a depression ... in low-lying land and the like, so whoever is in the place that is before the mountain and the sun sets behind it, this is ... , but whoever is in front and in front of him is a plain and the sun is rising, this is not permissible for him to break his fast, and so the whole earth differs in descent and ascent, and so on, so the calendars now do not observe these differences at all.
And once we went to the same town - that is: ... - in Ramadan, we pray Maghrib and we are entering the mosque, the mu'adhdhin is calling the adhan and I see the sun is rising; contrary to the situation in my country in my place, the adhan is the same adhan; because it is broadcast from the state and the Awqaf, so when I am in my house, this adhan is called as I said between ten and seven minutes, while I saw the adhan the first time there exactly with the setting of the sun, and this is the correct one.
Another time we entered the mosque in a village ... and I heard the adhan, it is the same adhan that is broadcast and it does not have a specific mu'adhdhin, it is broadcast from the adhan of Amman, and this village is far from it, and the sun is in front of me after it has set, this ... is very strange, they organized it with one system, and linked it to three times, therefore ... many of the acts of worship, whether fasting or prayer, so these matters in reality, it is obligatory for the responsible Muslim scholars who have the authority to take care of the worship of the people and correct it.