Clarification of the Issue of Appending the Specific to the General
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Your Eminence! In the introduction to the book al-Muntaqa, you mentioned the issue: appending the general to the specific,And it was mentioned that there are two opinions in it: The first opinion is that the specific is included in the general, and this would be repeated twice,The second opinion: The second is that it is not included, and it would be repeated only once in the second instance, making it independent on its own. What does this mean?
Allah the Exalted said: [Al-Qadr:4] The Spirit is Jibril, and Jibril is among the angels,So do we say: If Jibril is included in the generality of His saying: [Al-Qadr:4] If we say that he is included in the generality, then the mention of him becomes twice, once by generality and once by specificity.
And some scholars of usul al-fiqh said: If the specific is mentioned, it means that the speaker did not intend it in the generality. Accordingly, Jibril is not included among the angels in His saying: (The angels descend) because it was specified,If we say: That he is included in the generality and that he was mentioned twice, this is among his virtues from two aspects: First, that he is included in the generality.
And the second: That he was specified,And if we say: That he is not included in the generality at all, so this is among his virtues from one aspect, which is his mention by specificity.
And the closest, and Allah knows best: That he is included in the generality,And similar to that is His saying: [Al-Baqarah:238] So is the middle prayer included in the prayers?There are two opinions regarding it: Some scholars of usul al-fiqh said: His saying: (Guard the prayers) does not include the 'Asr prayer, and that the 'Asr prayer was mentioned alone (and the middle prayer) because 'Asr is the middle one.
And some of them said: Rather, it is included in the prayers, but he specified it after the generality due to its virtue over the others.
Allah the Exalted said:
The angels and the Spirit descend therein
تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَاThe angels descend
تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلائِكَةُAnd some scholars of usul al-fiqh said: If the specific is mentioned, it means that the speaker did not intend it in the generality. Accordingly, Jibril is not included among the angels in His saying: (The angels descend) because it was specified,If we say: That he is included in the generality and that he was mentioned twice, this is among his virtues from two aspects: First, that he is included in the generality.
And the second: That he was specified,And if we say: That he is not included in the generality at all, so this is among his virtues from one aspect, which is his mention by specificity.
And the closest, and Allah knows best: That he is included in the generality,And similar to that is His saying:
Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle prayer
حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطَىAnd some of them said: Rather, it is included in the prayers, but he specified it after the generality due to its virtue over the others.