The Ruling on Analogizing a Good Deed to One of the Pillars
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We said in the issue of the sacrificial animal: The hadith reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding the sacrificial animal that is not acceptable clarifies four things, and we have analogized some matters to it, either because they are more deserving of the ruling, or because the analogy is evident due to the operative cause between them.
Okay! O Shaykh,Someone might say: How do we analogize other matters, which are specified in the hadith, to some of the pillars of Islam? What is the criterion for this?
First: The defects specified by the Lawgiver in the sacrificial animal are four,Because he was asked: (What is to be avoided in sacrificial animals?So he said: Four,And he gestured with his hand: the one-eyed one whose blindness is evident, the sick one whose sickness is evident, the lame one whose lameness is evident, and the emaciated one whose bones are not nourished).
These are four defects, and we know that the Shari'ah is built on wisdom, so when the Lawgiver specifies something, it is a specification for that thing and for what is in its meaning or more deserving of the ruling.
As for the issue of the pillars of Islam, if someone wanted to analogize a good deed to one of the pillars, we would prevent them: First: because it falls under the category of fulfilling commands, not the category of descriptions to which rulings are attached, and it is not possible to establish a command except by permission from the Shari'ah.
Second: We say to everyone who wants to attach something other than the pillars of Islam to the pillars of Islam: Who told you that the thing you want to attach is equal in the sight of Allah to what the pillar is equal to? It is not possible, therefore, analogy by commands is prohibited; commands cannot be used as a basis for analogy for anything.She says: If the Lawgiver commands this, he commands this! As for the issue of defects or rulings attached to descriptions: whenever these descriptions are found in something or something more deserving, the ruling is established in it.Have you seen the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him): (Five of the beasts of prey, all of which are harmful, are to be killed in the sacred precinct and outside it: the crow, the kite, the scorpion, the rat, and the vicious dog)?! Do we say: Is the lion not to be killed in the sacred precinct? It is to be killed, and it is more deserving of being killed than the vicious dog.
Do we say: Is the snake not to be killed in the sacred precinct? We do not say that.Rather, we say: It is to be killed; because when the scorpion is specified, the snake is more harmful than it.
So when something is specified, the ruling is established in its like or in what is more deserving.
The questioner: Do you mean: the presence of the operative cause, O Shaykh?The Shaykh: Yes.
Okay! O Shaykh,Someone might say: How do we analogize other matters, which are specified in the hadith, to some of the pillars of Islam? What is the criterion for this?
First: The defects specified by the Lawgiver in the sacrificial animal are four,Because he was asked: (What is to be avoided in sacrificial animals?So he said: Four,And he gestured with his hand: the one-eyed one whose blindness is evident, the sick one whose sickness is evident, the lame one whose lameness is evident, and the emaciated one whose bones are not nourished).
These are four defects, and we know that the Shari'ah is built on wisdom, so when the Lawgiver specifies something, it is a specification for that thing and for what is in its meaning or more deserving of the ruling.
As for the issue of the pillars of Islam, if someone wanted to analogize a good deed to one of the pillars, we would prevent them: First: because it falls under the category of fulfilling commands, not the category of descriptions to which rulings are attached, and it is not possible to establish a command except by permission from the Shari'ah.
Second: We say to everyone who wants to attach something other than the pillars of Islam to the pillars of Islam: Who told you that the thing you want to attach is equal in the sight of Allah to what the pillar is equal to? It is not possible, therefore, analogy by commands is prohibited; commands cannot be used as a basis for analogy for anything.She says: If the Lawgiver commands this, he commands this! As for the issue of defects or rulings attached to descriptions: whenever these descriptions are found in something or something more deserving, the ruling is established in it.Have you seen the saying of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him): (Five of the beasts of prey, all of which are harmful, are to be killed in the sacred precinct and outside it: the crow, the kite, the scorpion, the rat, and the vicious dog)?! Do we say: Is the lion not to be killed in the sacred precinct? It is to be killed, and it is more deserving of being killed than the vicious dog.
Do we say: Is the snake not to be killed in the sacred precinct? We do not say that.Rather, we say: It is to be killed; because when the scorpion is specified, the snake is more harmful than it.
So when something is specified, the ruling is established in its like or in what is more deserving.
The questioner: Do you mean: the presence of the operative cause, O Shaykh?The Shaykh: Yes.