The ruling on one who leaves a rak'ah of the prayer and then remembers it after the time has passed
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A congregation prayed the 'Asr prayer with only three rak'ahs, and they did not know or become certain of this until the 'Isha' prayer. However, there was a person who entered with them and thought he had missed a rak'ah, so when the imam concluded the prayer, he stood up and completed the fourth rak'ah. What is the ruling on his prayer and their prayer?
As for the one who completed four rak'ahs, his prayer is valid. As for the congregation who concluded the prayer after three rak'ahs, it is obligatory for them to make up the prayer in congregation, for those who are able to do so. For those who are not able to pray in congregation, it is not obligatory for them to pray in congregation; rather, it suffices for them to pray individually, because this is a prayer being made up, not one being performed in its proper time. They should announce this, either by writing a notice at the door of the mosque stating that whoever prayed 'Asr with us on such-and-such a day must repeat the prayer.
As for the one who completed four rak'ahs, his prayer is valid. As for the congregation who concluded the prayer after three rak'ahs, it is obligatory for them to make up the prayer in congregation, for those who are able to do so. For those who are not able to pray in congregation, it is not obligatory for them to pray in congregation; rather, it suffices for them to pray individually, because this is a prayer being made up, not one being performed in its proper time. They should announce this, either by writing a notice at the door of the mosque stating that whoever prayed 'Asr with us on such-and-such a day must repeat the prayer.