What is the definition of the land of Islam, the land of disbelief, and the land of war?

The questioner : The following question: What is the definition of the land of Islam, the land of disbelief, and the land of war?

The Shaykh : This is a matter in which the jurists have disagreed in the past. What I see—and Allah knows best—is that it is a matter of independent legal reasoning, and there are no explicit Prophetic proofs on the subject.
The land of Islam is that which is ruled by, inhabited by, and resided in by Muslims; that is, the majority of its inhabitants.
The land of disbelief is the opposite of that; that is, its inhabitants are disbelievers, even if there are some Muslims among them.
The land of war is the land of disbelief against which the Muslims have declared war. In that case, it is not permissible for the Muslims to deal with it; rather, it is obligatory for them to fight the people of that land and to call them to Islam until they pay the tax on protected non-Muslims with their own hands while they are humbled.
It is not a condition of the land of Islam that its ruler rules by Islam. Some lands may be overcome in their affairs, as happened in the past regarding the land of Palestine, and regarding some lands such as Syria, for example, and Jordan, and others, when they were ruled by English or French colonialism. Those lands did not cease to be lands of Islam, even if the ruler was a disbeliever colonizer. Accordingly, the forced rule of the colonizer over those lands does not make them non-Islamic lands. However, it is the duty of the Muslims, as is the case now in Afghanistan, to gather to expel this colonizer from the land of Islam, so that the rulings in the land of Islam return to being Islamic, as they were before the invasion of the disbeliever colonizer.
This is what can be said regarding this question.