There is confusion in the grammatical parsing of the verses, such as the phrase: "Do not fear, two adversaries," and that the dual is marked in the accusative case with a yā' rather than an alif.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : And here there is confusion, confusion in the grammatical parsing of the Qur'an.
It passed us in tonight's recitation[Sad 38:21-22], so the grammatical parsing of this verse is confusing for the student of knowledge. He asks how it was said: [Sad 38:22], and it is known that the dual is marked in the accusative case with what?
The student: With a yā'.
The Shaykh : The dual is marked in the accusative case with a yā', so why was it said:[Sad 38:22], so it became with an alif? This is a problem. Yes.
The student: "Two adversaries" is the subject, "Do not fear" ... .
The Shaykh : Meaning that the verb is not governing "two adversaries."
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right. Rest. Do you have an addition? Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : That is us.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : All right, rest. The verb here is not governing the phrase "two adversaries" so that it would be in the accusative case; rather, "two adversaries" is the predicate of an omitted subject, and the implied meaning is "we are two adversaries."
This is from the confusing matters that only students of knowledge who have knowledge of Arabic know. As for the one who does not have knowledge of Arabic, they are of two types: a type who does not know about the nominative and accusative cases, and everything is the same to him, and another type who knows about the nominative and accusative cases, so he stands confused before such an expression, because he does not know that the verb is not governing the phrase "two adversaries," so he asks how the dual is in the nominative case while it is in the accusative case?
We say: This is not in the accusative case, because it is the predicate of an omitted subject.
All right. What is your opinion of a student who reads to the teacher and says: "I saw the two spouses standing"? Is he wrong or right?
The student: Right.
The Shaykh : All right. "I saw the two spouses standing."
The student: If it is in the style of narration, he is right.
The Shaykh : No, no. There is no narration.
The student: "I saw the two spouses, they are standing."
The Shaykh : No.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In any case, it appears that most of those with me, I mean, need study in the Arabic language.
The correct form is "I saw the two spouses standing," this is the standard Arabic language. But nevertheless, there is a language among the Arabs where they always use the alif for the dual, whether it is in the nominative, accusative, or genitive case. So they say "The two men stood," "I saw the two men," and "I passed by the two men." And the student benefits from this if he makes a mistake; he says: "I am following the other language," because the student can say to the teacher: "I saw the two men standing." The teacher says: "This is a mistake." He says: "But I am following the second language which requires the alif for the dual always."
All right, and we will limit ourselves to this lesson now and receive the questions that remained from last night, and the questions that occurred this night, and we ask Allah the Exalted to make us all successful in correctness in belief, speech, and action.
It passed us in tonight's recitation
when they climbed over the wall of [his] prayer chamber - (22) When they entered upon David and he was alarmed by them? They said, "Fear not. [We are] two adversaries, one of whom has wronged the other
إذ تسوروا المحراب إذ دخلوا عليه ففزع منهم قالوا لا تخف خصمان بغى بعضنا على بعضFear not. [We are] two adversaries
لا تخف خصمانThe student: With a yā'.
The Shaykh : The dual is marked in the accusative case with a yā', so why was it said:
Fear not. [We are] two adversaries
لا تخف خصمانThe student: "Two adversaries" is the subject, "Do not fear" ... .
The Shaykh : Meaning that the verb is not governing "two adversaries."
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right. Rest. Do you have an addition? Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : That is us.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : All right, rest. The verb here is not governing the phrase "two adversaries" so that it would be in the accusative case; rather, "two adversaries" is the predicate of an omitted subject, and the implied meaning is "we are two adversaries."
This is from the confusing matters that only students of knowledge who have knowledge of Arabic know. As for the one who does not have knowledge of Arabic, they are of two types: a type who does not know about the nominative and accusative cases, and everything is the same to him, and another type who knows about the nominative and accusative cases, so he stands confused before such an expression, because he does not know that the verb is not governing the phrase "two adversaries," so he asks how the dual is in the nominative case while it is in the accusative case?
We say: This is not in the accusative case, because it is the predicate of an omitted subject.
All right. What is your opinion of a student who reads to the teacher and says: "I saw the two spouses standing"? Is he wrong or right?
The student: Right.
The Shaykh : All right. "I saw the two spouses standing."
The student: If it is in the style of narration, he is right.
The Shaykh : No, no. There is no narration.
The student: "I saw the two spouses, they are standing."
The Shaykh : No.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In any case, it appears that most of those with me, I mean, need study in the Arabic language.
The correct form is "I saw the two spouses standing," this is the standard Arabic language. But nevertheless, there is a language among the Arabs where they always use the alif for the dual, whether it is in the nominative, accusative, or genitive case. So they say "The two men stood," "I saw the two men," and "I passed by the two men." And the student benefits from this if he makes a mistake; he says: "I am following the other language," because the student can say to the teacher: "I saw the two men standing." The teacher says: "This is a mistake." He says: "But I am following the second language which requires the alif for the dual always."
All right, and we will limit ourselves to this lesson now and receive the questions that remained from last night, and the questions that occurred this night, and we ask Allah the Exalted to make us all successful in correctness in belief, speech, and action.