Discussion on the fasting of the Day of Ashura and its virtue, and whether it is fasted if it coincides with a day on which fasting is prohibited, whether absolutely like Saturday or conditionally like Friday?

The Shaykh : Until we begin with what came to my mind, hoping that there may be good and blessing in it, if Allah wills.
The Shaykh : Praise is to Allah; we praise Him, seek His help, and seek His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our souls and the badness of our deeds. Whom Allah guides, none can mislead, and whom He misleads, none can guide. And I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone, with no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger. On the occasion of fasting the Day of Ashura, and given the discrepancy in calendars or diaries in determining the Day of Ashura, whether it is Friday or Saturday, it is not important now to investigate the cause of this discrepancy, because I will direct my speech or the opportunity that presented itself to me just now to the topic of fasting the Day of Ashura if it coincides with a day on which fasting is prohibited. Whether the Day of Ashura is Friday, on which fasting alone is prohibited, or it coincides with Saturday, on which fasting is absolutely prohibited, whether it is accompanied by a day before or after it, except in what Allah the Mighty and Majestic has made obligatory. The following hadith and its commentary came to my mind. The following hadith is what the Imam Muslim narrated in his Sahih from the hadith of Abu Qatadah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about fasting the Day of Ashura, and he said: Then he was asked about fasting the Day of 'Arafah, and he said: Then it was said to him, what do you say about fasting on Monday...

The questioner : Peace be upon you

The Shaykh : And upon you be peace and the mercy of Allah. He said: And in another wording: This hadith combines the explicit mention of the virtue of fasting three days: one day in every week, which is Monday, and two days in every year, which are the Day of Ashura and the Day of 'Arafah. What came to my mind is to point out that if these three virtuous days, whose virtue is apparent, coincide with a day on which the Wise Lawgiver has prohibited fasting due to a conflicting circumstance, do we remain with the original ruling, which is the virtue of fasting these three days, or do we depart from this virtue if a conflicting prohibition arises for that day? A conflicting prohibition? Here is resolved the problem that is absent from the minds of many people on such an occasion. If the Day of Ashura is Saturday, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said in the authentic hadith: The point is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited in this authentic hadith fasting on Saturday absolutely, except in the case of obligation. And that is only in what Allah has made obligatory, such as the month of Ramadan, either as performance or as making up a missed fast. Or, with the possibility of disagreement and dispute regarding what a Muslim vows, if he vows to fast a complete month or a complete week, it becomes obligatory upon him, bindingly, to fast this month or this week. As for what is not obligatory upon him, like what we are in now, fasting Ashura, you know that it expiates the previous year, but it is not obligatory. Likewise, 'Arafah may coincide with Saturday. Is it fasted? It is not fasted except in what is obligatory upon you. The hadith is explicit. If Monday coincides with a festival, as it did in the last festival, it was Thursday, and Thursday is also one of the virtuous days on which the Wise Lawgiver encouraged fasting.