How can one know the categories of people entitled to zakah in our time, when in the early period it was the caliph who was responsible for that?

The questioner : The second question: How can one know the categories of people entitled to zakah that the Qur'an enumerated in this time, given that in the past it was the caliph or the Muslim ruler who performed the task of distributing zakah to the entitled recipients?

The Shaykh : The premise mentioned by the questioner is not absolute; that is, his statement that the ruler in the early period, the Muslim ruler, was the one who was responsible for distributing zakah, this statement is not correct in its absolute form. That is because the first thing that comes to mind regarding zakah is the zakah of the two currencies (gold and silver), and the rulers were not the ones who took charge of distributing the zakah of the two currencies to the poor and the needy... It is regrettable that a question like this, when one turns to it, indicates clearly and regretfully that there is no longer any bond or cooperation among the Muslims; to the extent that one finds it difficult to know to whom to give the zakah of his wealth? Because this rich person lives alone and does not mix with the people of his neighborhood, his neighbors, so that he can get to know their circumstances and offer them the zakah of his wealth at the end of every year. So this question arises: How does he know? He knows that through mixing and asking. And he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: . So the mixing of the rich with the poor is, first of all, something that refines their souls and removes from their chests the defect of arrogance, for which there is a severe warning. And that is his (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: . They said: O Messenger of Allah, one of us loves to be seen wearing good clothes; is that from arrogance? He said: . Another said: One of us loves to be seen wearing two good sandals; is that from arrogance? He said: . And questions of this type multiplied, and every time the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said in the answer: No, no, . They said: So what is arrogance, O Messenger of Allah? He said: . Rejecting the truth; that is: rejecting it after it has become clear, and belittling people; that is: criticizing them without right. So this arrogance is feared for its owner on the Day of Resurrection. Therefore, the mixing of the rich person with the poor people around him; whether in the apartments or in the shops for buying and selling, the grocery store and the like, this helps him to get to know the poor and the needy and offer them the zakah of his wealth.
Yes.

Another questioner : May Allah reward you. Is "ghams" with a sad?

The Shaykh : How?

Another questioner : Is "ghams" with a sad?

The Shaykh : I did not understand.

The questioner : Is it "ghams" or "gham"?

The Shaykh : It is "ghams" with a sad, and in a narration: "gham" with a ta.

The questioner : ... .

The Shaykh : No, they are two narrations: "ghams" of people and "gham" of people, and the meaning is the same.
Yes.